The genus Scrophularia: a source of iridoids and terpenoids with a diverse biological activity

Abstract

Context: Scrophularia genus (Scrophulariaceae) includes about 350 species commonly known as figwort. Many species of this genus grow wild in nature and have not been cultivated yet. However, some species are in danger of extinction. Objective: This paper reviews the chemical compounds, biological activities and the ethnopharmacology of some Scrophularia species. Materials and methods: All information was obtained through reported data on bibliographic database such as Scopus, United States National Agricultural Library, Biological Abstracts, EMBASE, PubMed, MedlinePlus, PubChem and Springer Link (1934–2017). The information in different Pharmacopoeias on this genus was also gathered from 1957 to 2007. Results: The structures of 204 compounds and their biological activity were presented in the manuscript: glycoside esters, iridoid glycosides and triterpenoids are the most common compounds in this genus. Among them, scropolioside like iridoids have shown potential for anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and wound healing activity. Among the less frequently isolated compounds, resin glycosides such as crypthophilic acids have shown potent antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activities. Conclusion: The Scrophularia genus seems to be a rich source of iridoids and terpenoids, but isolation and identification of its alkaloids have been a neglected area of scientific study. The diverse chemical compounds and biological activities of this genus will motivate further investigation on Scrophularia genus as a source of new therapeutic medications.

Scrophularia Tenuipes Coss and Durieu: Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities

“…In general, the phytochemical compounds herein found in the two S. tenuipes fractions are in line with previous reported data for Scrophularia plants, since phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides and iridoids represent their major metabolites. In this regard, martynoside has been previously isolated from S. dentata [1], S. xanthoglossa [24], S. koraiensis [25], and S. umbrosa [26], while the iridoid harpogoside was reported for S. ningpoensis [6], S. scorodonia [7,27], S. buergeriana [8], and S. nodosa [5]. Additionally, caffeic acid, coumaric acid derivatives, and kaempferol derivatives were also previously detected in Scrophularia plants.…”

“…Scrophularia genus (Scrophulariaceae) includes about 350 species commonly known as figwort, from which 11 are represented in Algeria. In general, these plants grow wild in nature, mainly occurring in mountainous regions [1,2]. Many Scrophularia plants are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fever, erythema, eczema, wounds, inflammation of skin, dermatosis, ulcers, abscesses, fistulas, and cancer [3], with most of the health claims associated with their richness in second metabolites.…”

Targeted characterization of acylated compounds from Scrophulariae Radix using liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry and diagnostic product ion‐based data analysis

“…The 50% methanol extract of Scrophulariae Radix was analyzed within 13 min using the UHPLC/Orbitrap MS method. After processing with the three-stage DPIs, a total of 90 acylated compounds were characterized, including 25 cinnamoyl-, 22 p-coumaroyl-, 12 caffeoyl-, and 31 feruloylderivatives ( Figure 3; Supporting Information Table S1) [11,12,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Efficacy of a phenol derivative, isopropyl vanillate, as an anti‐inflammatory agent: A new small molecule inhibitor of COX and neutrophil migration

“…Vanillic acid (Figure a) is a phenolic compound derived from hydroxybenzoic acid, which is found in Angelica sinensis (Luo et al, ), Paeonia rockii (Mencherini et al, ), Lithrea molleoides (Morucci, Lopez, Miño, Ferraro, & Gorzalczany, ), Scrophularia sambucifolia (Pasdaran & Hamedi, ), Carthamus oxyacanth (Tavakkoli et al, ), Amburana cearenses (Leal et al, ), and propolis (Andrade, Denadai, de Oliveira, Nunes, & Narain, ) from Brazilian northeast region.…”