The Genus Bdellovibrio

Jurkevitch, Édouard

doi:10.1007/0-387-30747-8_2

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…and its relatives are aerobic, obligately predatory bacteria that forage on a wide variety of susceptible gram-negative microorganisms (2) and thereby may control bacterial abundance. They have been found in a wide range of aquatic habitats, e.g., in freshwater and marine sediments and biofilms (31).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Abundance of Aerobic and Anaerobic Methane Oxidizers at the Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano, Barents Sea

Lösekann

Knittel

Nadalig

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

356

368

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Submarine mud volcanoes are formed by expulsions of mud, fluids, and gases from deeply buried subsurface sources. They are highly reduced benthic habitats and often associated with intensive methane seepage. In this study, the microbial diversity and community structure in methane-rich sediments of the Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) were investigated by comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In the active volcano center, which has a diameter of about 500 m, the main methaneconsuming process was bacterial aerobic oxidation. In this zone, aerobic methanotrophs belonging to three bacterial clades closely affiliated with Methylobacter and Methylophaga species accounted for 56% ؎ 8% of total cells. In sediments below Beggiatoa mats encircling the center of the HMMV, methanotrophic archaea of the ANME-3 clade dominated the zone of anaerobic methane oxidation. ANME-3 archaea form cell aggregates mostly associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria of the Desulfobulbus (DBB) branch. These ANME-3/DBB aggregates were highly abundant and accounted for up to 94% ؎ 2% of total microbial biomass at 2 to 3 cm below the surface. ANME-3/DBB aggregates could be further enriched by flow cytometry to identify their phylogenetic relationships. At the outer rim of the mud volcano, the seafloor was colonized by tubeworms (Siboglinidae, formerly known as Pogonophora). Here, both aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidizers were found, however, in lower abundances. The level of microbial diversity at this site was higher than that at the central and Beggiatoa species-covered part of the HMMV. Analysis of methyl-coenzyme M-reductase alpha subunit (mcrA) genes showed a strong dominance of a novel lineage, mcrA group f, which could be assigned to ANME-3 archaea. Our results further support the hypothesis of Niemann et al. (54), that high methane availability and different fluid flow regimens at the HMMV provide distinct niches for aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophs.Large amounts of methane are stored in the subsurface ocean as crystalline gas hydrate, dissolved in porewater, and as free gas. Most of the methane which rises from subsurface reservoirs is consumed by anaerobic microorganisms inhabiting sulfate-penetrated sediment layers before it reaches the seafloor (65). This microbially mediated anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) controls the emission of the greenhouse gas methane from the ocean to the atmosphere (see reference 23 and references therein).In marine habitats, the metabolic process of AOM is proposed to be a reversed methanogenesis coupled to the reduction of sulfate involving methanotrophic archaea (ANME archaea) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). ANME archaea and SRB are assumed to interact syntrophically (26) and form microbial consortia which oxidize methane with equimolar amounts of sulfate, yielding bicarbonate and sulfide (26, 51, 52). Sulfide produced as a by-product of AOM at cold seeps often supports chemosynthetic communities which derive energy from sulfide oxidation. ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Abundance of Aerobic and Anaerobic Methane Oxidizers at the Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano, Barents Sea

Lösekann

Knittel

Nadalig

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

356

368

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“…These bacteria have been isolated from a wide range of water systems: estuaries, oceans, rivers, sewage, fish ponds and on biofilms on surfaces. Bdellovibrios attack Gram negative bacteria, such as Vibrio spp., and they can be regarded as intracellular parasites (Jurkevitch 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of North Sea copepods

et al. 2013

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Copepods can be associated with different kinds and different numbers of bacteria. This was already shown in the past with culture-dependent microbial methods or microscopy and more recently by using molecular tools. In our present study, we investigated the bacterial community of four frequently occurring copepod species, Acartia sp., Temora longicornis, Centropages sp. and Calanus helgolandicus from Helgoland Roads (North Sea) over a period of 2 years using DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and subsequent sequencing of 16S-rDNA fragments. To complement the PCR-DGGE analyses, clone libraries of copepod samples from June 2007 to 208 were generated. Based on the DGGE banding patterns of the two years survey, we found no significant differences between the communities of distinct copepod species, nor did we find any seasonality. Overall, we identified 67 phylotypes ([97 % similarity) falling into the bacterial phyla of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The most abundant phylotypes were affiliated to the Alphaproteobacteria. In comparison with PCR-DGGE and clone libraries, phylotypes of the Gammaproteobacteria dominated the clone libraries, whereas Alphaproteobacteria were most abundant in the PCR-DGGE analyses.

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“…However, we wished to see whether Bdellovibrio could be detected in the food and water of the birds to inform birdhousing considerations were Bdellovibrio to be practically applied as a therapy. Bdellovibrio is isolated from environmental water and soil sources (28,29,55), so it was possible that they could survive our dosing, and also it was possible that naturally occurring Bdellovibrio was present in the water and bedding and on the birds themselves (none of which were germfree). Our sampling was aimed to detect any excess of Bdellovibrio in the dosed birds versus that in controls, but no Bdellovibrio organisms were isolated from any sample in this experiment.…”

Section: Vol 77 2011mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Orally Administered Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on the Well-Being and Salmonella Colonization of Young Chicks

Atterbury

Hobley

Till

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

154

134

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Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a bacterium which preys upon and kills Gram-negative bacteria, including the zoonotic pathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Bdellovibrio has potential as a biocontrol agent, but no reports of it being tested in living animals have been published, and no data on whether Bdellovibrio might spread between animals are available. In this study, we tried to fill this knowledge gap, using B. bacteriovorus HD100 doses in poultry with a normal gut microbiota or predosed with a colonizing Salmonella strain. In both cases, Bdellovibrio was dosed orally along with antacids. After dosing non-Salmonella-infected birds with Bdellovibrio, we measured the health and well-being of the birds and any changes in their gut pathology and culturable microbiota, finding that although a Bdellovibrio dose at 2 days of age altered the overall diversity of the natural gut microbiota in 28-day-old birds, there were no adverse effects on their growth and well-being. Drinking water and fecal matter from the pens in which the birds were housed as groups showed no contamination by Bdellovibrio after dosing. Predatory Bdellovibrio orally administered to birds that had been predosed with a gut-colonizing Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 strain (an important zoonotic pathogen) significantly reduced Salmonella numbers in bird gut cecal contents and reduced abnormal cecal morphology, indicating reduced cecal inflammation, compared to the ceca of the untreated controls or a nonpredatory ⌬pilA strain, suggesting that these effects were due to predatory action. This work is a first step to applying Bdellovibrio therapeutically for other animal, and possibly human, infections.

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The Genus Bdellovibrio

Cited by 23 publications

References 120 publications

Diversity and Abundance of Aerobic and Anaerobic Methane Oxidizers at the Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano, Barents Sea

Diversity and Abundance of Aerobic and Anaerobic Methane Oxidizers at the Haakon Mosby Mud Volcano, Barents Sea

The microbiome of North Sea copepods

Effects of Orally Administered Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on the Well-Being and Salmonella Colonization of Young Chicks

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