The genotoxicological assessment of a tobacco heating product relative to cigarette smoke using the in vitro micronucleus assay

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Comparative and cumulative quantitative risk assessments on a novel heated tobacco product versus the 3R4F reference cigarette

“…These findings are consistent with the reduced biological activity and reductions in some biomarkers of effect for the aerosols from non-combusted tobacco products where the tobacco is heated, but not burnt [ [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] ]. Further, the available repeated inhalation toxicity data evaluating heated tobacco products is limited but does allow some inferences to be made about the tumorigenicity of these products in comparison to combustible cigarettes, as discussed below.…”

Short-term whole body cigarette smoke exposure induces regional differences in cellular response in the mouse larynx

“…In the recent years, tobacco heating products and electronic cigarettes have gained popularity as a healthier alternative to smoking conventional cigarettes as well. Despite these newer products being less toxic than the conventional cigarettes [ 3 , 127 ], their ability to lessen health risks is still highly questionable. Thus, forthcoming investigations should also include toxicological evaluations of these newer alternatives in the larynx.…”

“…Long-term inhalation or exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) affects multiple organ sites within the body and leads to a multitude of benign and malignant diseases. This is not surprising as the smoke produced from burning a cigarette contains more than 7000 harmful toxicants in both gaseous and particulate phases, including at least 70 carcinogenic substances [ 2 , 3 ]. The respiratory tract is a primary target for such toxicants [ 4 ].…”

Novel Solvent-Free Extraction Method for Analyzing Tobacco Heating Product Aerosols: An Analytical and In Vitro Toxicological Five-Way Product Comparison

“…The CHO cells were maintained using the same methods as NCI-H292 cells. The experimental design complied with the OECD Guideline 487, and the experimental method was adjusted following previously described methods. − We coated the glass-bottomed 96-well culture plates with 50 μL of poly- d -lysine (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for at least 2 h, after which each well was seeded with 10 000 cells and the plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Based on the IC 50 obtained by the CCK-8 analysis, five different concentrations of the test THP extracts were selected for this assay. The cells were subjected to three treatment conditions: (1) 4 h + S9, (2) 4 h – S9, and (3) 24 h – S9.…”