“…Multiple genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities have been identified to cause MDS, and this diversity in driver mutations is responsible for the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in MDS ( Table 2 ). The genes that are most commonly mutated in MDS are involved in a variety of cellular regulatory functions, including DNA methylation, RNA-Splicing, DNA transcription, histone modification, signal transduction and the cohesion complex subunits [ 7 , 12 , 23 , 24 ]. Generally, mutations in epigenetic and RNA-splicing processes are termed “driver mutations”, as it is these mutations that tend to dictate what type of clone will outgrow and outcompete (also termed “clonal dominance”) [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”