The genomic footprint of coastal earthquake uplift

Parvizi, Elahe; Fraser, Ceridwen I.; Dutoit, Ludovic; Craw, Dave; Waters, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.0712

Cited by 16 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Environmental disturbance can extirpate species, creating an ecological void [ 41 – 43 ]. Subsequently, the area is likely to be colonized by a relatively small population of immigrants, the genetic makeup of which is unlikely to be exactly representative of their parent population, resulting in founder effects [ 43 , 44 ]. In REvoSim, as in the real world, this genetic difference may be substantial [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary simulations clarify and reconcile biodiversity-disturbance models

et al. 2021

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There is significant geographic variation in species richness. However, the nature of the underlying relationships, such as that between species richness and environmental stability, remains unclear. The stability-time hypothesis suggests that environmental instability reduces species richness by suppressing speciation and increasing extinction risk. By contrast, the patch-mosaic hypothesis suggests that small-scale environmental instability can increase species richness by providing a steady supply of non-equilibrium environments. Although these hypotheses are often applied to different time scales, their core mechanisms are in conflict. Reconciling these apparently competing hypotheses is key to understanding how environmental conditions shape the distribution of biodiversity. Here, we use REvoSim, an individual-based, eco-evolutionary system, to model the evolution of sessile organisms in environments with varying magnitudes and scales of environmental instability. We demonstrate that when environments have substantial permanent heterogeneity, a high level of localized environmental instability reduces biodiversity, whereas in environments lacking permanent heterogeneity, high levels of localized instability increase biodiversity. By contrast, broad-scale environmental instability, acting on the same time scale, invariably reduces biodiversity. Our results provide a new view of the biodiversity–disturbance relationship that reconciles contrasting hypotheses within a single model and implies constraints on the environmental conditions under which those hypotheses apply. These constraints can inform attempts to conserve adaptive potential in different environments during the current biodiversity crisis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One candidate for such an alternative mechanism is founder effects. Environmental disturbance can extirpate species, creating an ecological void [41][42][43]. Subsequently, the area is likely to be colonized by a relatively small population of ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary simulations clarify and reconcile biodiversity-disturbance models

et al. 2021

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“…Radiocarbon dating at the Akatore fault line has constrained the most recent rupture event to 800-1000 yr BP (Litchfield & Norris 2000;Craw et al 2020). Additional radiocarbon dating from sea caves at the palaeo-hightide level similarly provided age estimates <1000 years old, confirming direct relationships between earthquake and coastal uplift (Craw et al 2020;Parvizi et al 2020).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Previous analyses have revealed striking genomic signatures of post-uplift colonization in populations of intertidal habitat-forming macroalgae Durvillaea poha and D. antarctica in southern New Zealand (Parvizi et al 2020), but the impacts of uplift on associated epifaunal populations remains unknown. In the present study, we analyze three epifaunal macroinvertebrates inhabiting intertidalDurvillaea 's holdfasts.…”

Section: Study Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such complex interactions have been traced in the effects of contemporary habitat disruptions such as heat waves on both forest-forming macroalgae (Wernberg et al2018;Gurgel et al 2020;Smale 2020) and their associated macroinvertebrate communities (Ettinger-Epstein & Kingsford 2008;Smaleet al 2017). Previously, genetic data have revealed that historical habitat perturbations can underpin phylogeographic structuring of intertidal macroalgae (Parvizi et al 2019(Parvizi et al , 2020, although the effect of such disturbances on the dynamics and assembly of kelp-associated benthic communities (epibiota) remains unclear. In the present study, we carry out new genomic analyses at the macroinvertebrate community level to test for multi-species responses to a major historic disturbance caused by coastal uplift approximately 900 yr BP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid reassembly of an intertidal community following prehistoric disturbance

Parvizi

Dutoit

Fraser

et al. 2021

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The elimination of lower trophic levels following severe habitat disturbance can trigger new community assembly processes. However, little is known about how past habitat disturbances have affected codependent evolution of trophically-linked and closely interacting taxa. Using genome-wide analysis of a macroalgal community affected by ancient catastrophic coastal uplift, we track the ecological dynamics of past co-dispersal and co-diversification among obligate interacting taxa. Our study reveals rapid and concerted reassembly of an intertidal community following disturbance. Specifically, hierarchical co-demographic analyses of multispecies genomic data support synchronous expansions of four strictly intertidal species in the wake of tectonic disturbance. These data show that tight algal-epifaunal links underpin parallel demographic responses across distinct trophic levels. These results highlight that high-resolution comparative genomic data can elucidate the strength of obligate ecological interactions, and the evolutionary dynamics of past co-dispersal and co-diversification in post-disturbance communities.

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