The genome of echovirus 11

Dahllund, Leif; Nissinen, Liisa; Pulli, Timo; Hyttinen, Veli-Pekka; Stanway, Glyn; Hyppiä, Timo

doi:10.1016/0168-1702(94)00104-k

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The genome fragments amplified by PCR were as follows: a segment of the 5Ј NTR (nucleotides [nt] 313 to 641), the VP1-2A junction region (nt 2957 to 3587), and part of the 3D polymerase gene (nt 5837 to 6506). All nucleotide positions throughout the text are given relative to those of the EV11 strain Gregory genome (9). Primers used to amplify and sequence these regions are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombination in Circulating Enteroviruses

Lukashev

Lashkevich

Ivanova

et al. 2003

J Virol

159

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recombination is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses. However, the actual extent of recombination in circulating nonpoliovirus enteroviruses is not known. We have analyzed the phylogenetic relationships in four genome regions, VP1, 2A, 3D, and the 5 nontranslated region (NTR), of 40 enterovirus B strains (coxsackie B viruses and echoviruses) representing 11 serotypes and isolated in 1981 to 2002 in the former Soviet Union states. In the VP1 region, strains of the same serotype expectedly grouped with their prototype strain. However, as early as the 2A region, phylogenetic grouping differed significantly from that in the VP1 region and indicated recombination within the 2A region. Moreover, in the 5 NTR and 3D region, only 1 strain of 40 grouped with its prototype strain. Instead, we observed a major group in both the 5 NTR and the 3D region that united most (in the 5 NTR) or all (in the 3D region) of the strains studied, regardless of the serotype. Subdivision within that major group in the 3D region correlated with the time of virus isolation but not with the serotype. Therefore, we conclude that a majority, if not all, circulating enterovirus B strains are recombinants relative to the prototype strains, isolated mostly in the 1950s. Moreover, the ubiquitous recombination has allowed different regions of the enterovirus genome to evolve independently. Thus, a novel model of enterovirus genetics is proposed: the enterovirus genome is a stable symbiosis of genes, and enterovirus species consist of a finite set of capsid genes responsible for different serotypes and a continuum of nonstructural protein genes that seem to evolve in a relatively independent manner.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombination in Circulating Enteroviruses

Lukashev

Lashkevich

Ivanova

et al. 2003

J Virol

159

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is also evidence that some EVs are closely related to CBVs (Young, 1973;Hyypi/i et al, 1984Hyypi/i et al, , 1987Werner et al, 1986;Auvinen et al, 1989;Auvinen & Hyypi~, 1990). The recently sequenced E¥11 was shown to be genetically related to CBVs and CAV9 (Dahllund et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The major echovirus group is genetically coherent and related to coxsackie B viruses

Huttunen

Santti

Pulli

et al. 1996

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to determine the overall molecular heterogeneity of echoviruses (EVs) we performed a genetic analysis of the prototype strains. Nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences from different genomic regions (5'UTR, capsid protein-coding and 3D polymerase genes) were used for molecular comparisons. On the basis of a comparison of partial amino acid sequences from the capsid protein VP2, all the sequenced EVs excluding EV22 and EV23 form a single cluster which is genetically homogeneous. All previously sequenced coxsackie B viruses (CBVs) and coxsackievirus A9 also belong to this same genetic cluster. Similar results were obtained when the 5'UTR or 3D polymerase gene sequences were used in comparisons. When amino acid sequences of the major capsid proteins of EV1 and EV16 were compared to those of previously sequenced enteroviruses, the length of the loops connecting the flsheets appeared to be relatively constant in the EV/CBV cluster. It can be concluded that EVs and CBVs have diverged relatively late in evolution.

show abstract

“…All CV-B viruses, CV-A9, EV-69, EV-73 and all echoviruses form HEV-B; CV-A1, CV-A11, CV-A13, CV-A15, CV-A17 to CV-A22 and CV-A24 form HEV-C; and EV-68 and EV-70 form HEV-D. This classification is based on previous subdivisions of enteroviruses into four genetic groups after analysis of the VP2, 3D and VP1 regions, as well as complete genomes (Dahllund et al, 1995;Pulli et al, 1995;Huttunen et al, 1996;Pöyry et al, 1996;Oberste et al, 1999a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing of ‘untypable’ enteroviruses reveals two new types, EV-77 and EV-78, within human enterovirus type B and substitutions in the BC loop of the VP1 protein for known types

Nordér

Bjerregaard

Magnius

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The N-terminal part of VP1 was sequenced for 43 enterovirus isolates that could not initially be neutralized with LBM pools or in-house antisera. Most isolates were found to belong to human enterovirus type A (HEV-A) and HEV-B (18 isolates of each). All HEV-A isolates could be typed by sequencing, with CV (coxsackievirus)-A16 and EV (enterovirus)-71 being dominant (nine and seven isolates, respectively). These types thus seem to have diverged more from their prototypes than the other types. Among the HEV-B isolates, E-18 dominated with five isolates that became typable after filtration. The virus type obtained by molecular typing was verified for 28 of the other patient isolates by neutralization using high-titre monovalent antisera or LBM pools. Twenty-two of the other 30 'untypable' isolates had substitutions in the VP1 protein within or close to the BC loop. Two closely related HEV-B isolates diverged by 19?4 % from E-15, the most similar prototype. Two non-neutralizable HEV-C isolates split off from the CV-A13/CV-A18 branch, from which they diverged by 15?7-18?2 %. Three of the six non-neutralizable isolates, W553-130/99, W543-122/99 and W137-126/99, diverged by >24?2 % from the most similar prototype in the compared region. The complete VP1 was therefore sequenced and found to diverge by >29 % from all prototypes and by >28 % from each other. Strains similar to W553-130/99 that have been identified in the USA are tentatively designated EV-74. The two other isolates fulfil the molecular criterion for being new types. Since strains designated EV-75 and EV-76 have been identified in the USA, we have proposed the tentative designations EV-77 and EV-78 for these two new members of HEV-B.

show abstract

The genome of echovirus 11

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Recombination in Circulating Enteroviruses

Recombination in Circulating Enteroviruses

The major echovirus group is genetically coherent and related to coxsackie B viruses

Sequencing of ‘untypable’ enteroviruses reveals two new types, EV-77 and EV-78, within human enterovirus type B and substitutions in the BC loop of the VP1 protein for known types

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About