The Genetics of Yeast Flocculation

Lewis, Christopher W.; Johnston, John R.; Martín, Pilar Alonso

doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1976.tb03741.x

Cited by 46 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The flocculation characteristics of the yeast used in brewing influence the extent of fermentation and are important for the removal of cells from the fermented wort. Different gene loci which determine flocculence have been identified in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (9,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae temperature sensitive for flocculation. Influence of oxygen and respiratory deficiency on flocculence

Holmberg

Kielland‐Brandt

1978

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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A flocculent strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, containing the dominant gene for flocculence FL04, was mutagenized with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Non-flocculent mutants were isolated with a selection procedure based on the slower sedimentation of non-floceulent cells. One closer studied mutant was due to an unlinked suppressor mutation for FL04. This suppressor gene is designated sufl. The gene sufl is neither centromere linked nor linked to his4 or the mating type locus. The gene sufl behaves as a recessive in some diploids and as a dominant in others, illustrating the genetic complexity of the flocculation phenomenon. The mutant was found to be non-flocculent after growth at 30~ whether aerated or not. At 22~ the mutant was flocculent in the absence of aeration during growth, but non-flocculent with aeration or supplementation of the growth medium with ergosterol and unsaturated fatty acids. None of several inhibitors of mitochondrial functions had any effect on the expression of flocculence. A number of petites induced in the mutant strain with ethidium bromide had altered flocculation phenotypes. A method for measuring flocculence using the spectrophotometer is described.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae temperature sensitive for flocculation. Influence of oxygen and respiratory deficiency on flocculence

Holmberg

Kielland‐Brandt

1978

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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“…This report presents direct evidence that lager brewing yeasts are heteroploid. While brewing yeasts were widely believed to be polyploid (7,16,28,32), the evidence used to support these claims has largely been indirect or based on techniques known to be difficult to interpret, e.g. on the basis of segregation of mating and sporulation phenotype (7) or measurement of DNA content per cell (16,28,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to overcome these difficulties have been limited by a lack of detailed knowledge concerning the genetic composition of S. cadsbergensis lager yeast. There is, however, a general belief in the brewing industry that lager yeasts are polyploid (7,16,28,32) and that this property, besides interfering with mating ability, causes irregularities in meiosis that result in poor sporulation and low spore viability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and genetic analysis of chromosomes X in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Casey

1986

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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Molecular hybridization of electrophoretically separated and blotted chromosomes with ILV3 gene probes detected the presence of three chromosomes X in S. carlsbergensis 244 lager yeast. Meiotic segregants, which were disomic or trisomic for chromosome X were crossed with a karl-1 strain of S. cerevisiae (MATa or MATa arg3 met3 dr3 o'cl-1 cdcl 1 horn6 ade2-40 cyh2 karl-l) for single chromosome transfer and isolation of two of the chromosomes X from the lager yeast. Type I chromosome X migrates slower than a reference chromosome X of S. cerevisiae K5-5A during chromosome separation by electrophoresis and contains the allele of ILV3 unique to the lager yeast. It recombines with chromosome X from S. cerevisiae, but only in the left arm. Type II chromosome X migrates faster than the reference chromosome X and contains the allele of ILF3 also found in S. cerevisiae $288C. It recombines only in the right arm with chromosome X from S. cerevisiae. The third chromosome X from S. carlsbergensis, which co-migrates with the reference chromosome X ofS. cerevisiae K5-5A, has yet to be isolated into the genetic background of a genetic standard strain.

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“…3: 21 -34). It was confirmed that flocculation is genetically controlled by a multiple system of genes: FLO 1, FLO 2, jlo 3 (Anderson and Martin 1975;Lewis et al 1976), by a further dominant gene FLO 4 (Stewart and Russell 1977), and by two FLO 4 suppressing genes, fsu 1 and fsu 2 (Holmberg and Kielland-Brandt 1978;Holmberg 1978). More recently, a revised nomenclature of genes that control yeast flocculation was proposed by Russell et al (1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Flocculation of wine yeasts: frequency, differences, and stability of the character

Suzzi¹,

Romano²,

Zambonelli³

1984

Can. J. Microbiol.

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SuZZI, G., P. ROMANO, and C. ZAMBONELLI. 1984. Flocculation of wine yeasts: frequency, differences, and stability of the character. Can. J. Microbiol. 30: 36-39. Flocculating ability in yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces which cause the spontaneous fermentation of grape musts is not rare. About 6.8% of isolates are flocculent. The strains show a different degree of flocculation and also variable developmental behaviour. The genetic analysis, carried out immediately after strain isolation and again after 3 years, shows that only flocculating homozygote strains ensure the stability of the flocculation character over time. Flocculation of some strains shows a degree of instability in the expression of the character which is typical of cytoplasmic inheritance. SuZzl, G., P. ROMANO et C. ZAMBONELLI. 1984. Flocculation of wine yeasts: frequency, differences, and stability of the character. Can. J. Microbiol. 30: 36-39. 11 n'est pas rare d'observer une aptitude 21 la flocculation chez les levures du genre Saccharomyces cerevisiae responsables de la fermentation spontante des moClts de raisin. Environ 6 3 % des isolats posskdent ce caractkre. Les souches dCmontrent diffkrents degrCs de flocculation de mCme qu'un profil de dCveloppement variable. L'analyse gknCtique que nous avons rLalisCe immkdiatement aprks l'isolement des souches et au bout de 3 ans, dCmontre que seulement les souches flocculantes homozygotes assurent le maintien du caractkre flocculant dans le temps. La flocculation de certaines souches rkvkle un degrC dlinstabilitC dans I'expression du caractkre qui est typique d'une transmissibilitC cytoplasmique.[Traduit par le journal]

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The Genetics of Yeast Flocculation

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae temperature sensitive for flocculation. Influence of oxygen and respiratory deficiency on flocculence

A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae temperature sensitive for flocculation. Influence of oxygen and respiratory deficiency on flocculence

Molecular and genetic analysis of chromosomes X in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis

Flocculation of wine yeasts: frequency, differences, and stability of the character

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