The Genetics of Morphology

Sherwood, Richard J.; Duren, Dana L.

doi:10.1002/9781118332344.ch16

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Stable isotope analysis can identify migrants (e.g., Kendall et al 2013), variation in diet in skeletal assemblages (e.g., Reitsema and Vercellotti 2012;Yoder 2012), and cortisol production in response to stress (Webb et al 2014), all of which might affect heterogeneity in frailty. Similarly, advances in our understanding and measurement of human phenotypic variation (Boyer et al 2011;Sherwood and Duren 2013) may improve the ability of biological distance analyses to identify migrants and to estimate levels of genetic variability within skeletal assemblages. Once identified, any of these potential markers of frailty can be included in analyses explicitly designed to test patterns of selective mortality, such as the hazards approaches currently used by DeWitte, Kreger, Wilson, and others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

2015

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More than 20 years ago, Wood et al. (Curr Anthropol 33:343-370, 1992) published ''The Osteological Paradox: Problems of Inferring Prehistoric Health from Skeletal Samples,'' in which they challenged bioarchaeologists to consider the effects of heterogeneous frailty and selective mortality on health inferences in past populations. Here, we review the paper's impact on bioarchaeology and paleopathology, focusing on recent advancements in studies of ancient health. We find the paper is often cited but infrequently engaged in a meaningful way. Despite an initial decade of limited progress, numerous researchers are now addressing components of the Paradox in more informed ways. We identify four areas of fruitful research: (1) intrasite, contextual perspectives, (2) subadults, (3) associating stress markers with demographic phenomena, and (4) skeletal lesion-formation processes. Although often seen as a problematic assumption, understanding the sources of heterogeneous frailty within human populations is a worthy research question in and of itself, and one that clearly links past and present health research within a global framework.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

2015

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“…Museum collections of wild-caught social animals, such as primates, will frequently include closely related individuals although those relationships are infrequently documented. Analyses of variance in samples composed of closely related individuals will be biased towards an underestimate of actual population-level variation (Sherwood et al, 2008a; Sherwood and Duren, 2013) and an overestimate of population-level covariation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of the Human Craniofacial Complex

Šešelj

Duren

Sherwood

2015

The Anatomical Record

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Quantifying normal variation and the genetic underpinnings of anatomical structures is one of the main goals of modern morphological studies. However, the extent of genetic contributions to normal variation in craniofacial morphology in humans is still unclear. The current study addresses this gap by investigating the genetic underpinnings of normal craniofacial morphology. The sample under investigation consists of 75 linear and angular measurements spanning the entire craniofacial complex, recorded from lateral cephalographs of 1,379 participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Heritabilities for each trait were estimated using SOLAR, a maximum-likelihood variance components approach utilizing all pedigree information for parameter estimation. Trait means and mean effects of the covariates age, sex, age 2 , sex 3 age, and sex 3 age 2 were simultaneously estimated in the analytic models. All traits of the craniofacial complex were significantly heritable. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.10 to 0.60, with the majority being moderate. It is important to note that we found similar ranges of heritability occurring across the different functional/developmental components of the craniofacial complex, the splanchnocranium, the basicranium, and the neurocranium. This suggests that traits from different regions of the craniofacial complex are of comparable utility for the purposes of population history and phylogeny reconstruction. At the same time, this genetic influence on craniofacial morphology signals a caution to researchers of nongenetic studies to consider the implications of this finding when selecting samples for study given their project design and goals. Anat Rec, 298:1535Rec, 298: -1547Rec, 298: , 2015. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…The research focus of the Fels Longitudinal Study had shifted away from craniofacial growth in the 1980s and craniodental radiography was discontinued in 1984. Interest in the craniofacial program was revitalized by Richard Sherwood and Dana Duren in 2003 (Sherwood et al, 2008, 2011; Sherwood & Duren, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013a, 2013b; Sherwood, Duren, Czerwinski, Blangero, & Towne, 2003; Sherwood, Duren, Subedi, & Williams‐Blangero, 2013). Sherwood became Director of the Lifespan Health Research Center housing the Fels Longitudinal Study in 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian approach to longitudinal craniofacial growth: The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study

Sherwood

Valiathan

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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Early in the 20th century, a series of studies were initiated across North America to investigate and characterize childhood growth. The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS) combines craniofacial records from six of those growth studies (15,407 lateral cephalograms from 1,913 individuals; 956 females, 957 males, primarily European descent). Standard cephalometric points collected from the six studies in the CGCS allows direct comparison of craniofacial growth patterns across six North American locations. Three assessors collected all cephalometric points and the coordinates were averaged for each point. Twelve measures were calculated from the averaged coordinates. We implemented a multilevel double logistic equation to estimate growth trajectories fitting each trait separately by sex. Using Bayesian inference, we fit three models for each trait with different random effects structures to compare differences in growth patterns among studies. The models successfully identified important growth milestones (e.g., age at peak growth velocity, age at cessation of growth) for most traits. In a small number of cases, these milestones could not be determined due to truncated age ranges for some studies and slow, steady growth in some measurements. Results demonstrate great similarity among the six growth studies regarding craniofacial growth milestone estimates and the overall shape of the growth curve. These similarities suggest minor variation among studies resulting from differences in protocol, sample, or possible geographic variation. The analyses presented support combining the studies into the CGCS without substantial concerns of bias. The CGCS, therefore, provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine craniofacial growth from childhood into adulthood.

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The Genetics of Morphology

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

Heritability of the Human Craniofacial Complex

Bayesian approach to longitudinal craniofacial growth: The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study

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