THE GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF THE SILKWORM, <i>BOMBYX MORI</i>

Goldsmith, Marian R.; Shimada, Toru; Abe, Hiroaki

doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130456

Cited by 429 publications

(321 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…The Ws mutant strain exhibits a phenotype where the moth has a spot on the apex of its wing (Figure 1a). The Ws gene has been transferred by introgression from the wild silkworm Bombyx mandarina, which is widely believed to have the same ancestor as the domesticated silkworm B. mori (Goldsmith et al, 2005). This gene has been mapped to 14.7 cM in linkage group 17 and it is linked to the bts (brown head and tail spot) gene (Doira et al, 1981;Banno et al, 2010) (Figure 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

et al. 2015

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Many lepidopteran insects exhibit body colour variations, where the high phenotypic diversity observed in the wings and bodies of adults provides opportunities for studying adaptive morphological evolution. In the silkworm Bombyx mori, two genes responsible for moth colour mutation, Bm and Ws, have been mapped to 0.0 and 14.7 cM of the B. mori genetic linkage group 17; however, these genes have not been identified at the molecular level. We performed positional cloning of both genes to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the moth wing-and body-colour patterns in B. mori. We successfully narrowed down Bm and Ws to~2-Mb-long and 100-kb-long regions on the same scaffold Bm_scaf33. Gene prediction analysis of this region identified 77 candidate genes in the Bm region, whereas there were no candidate genes in the Ws region. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation analysis in Bm mutant detected chromosome inversion, which explains why there are no recombination in the corresponding region. The comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the candidate regions of both genes shared synteny with a region associated with wing-and body-colour variations in other lepidopteran species including Biston betularia and Heliconius butterflies. These results suggest that the genes responsible for wing and body colour in B. mori may be associated with similar genes in other Lepidoptera.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

et al. 2015

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“…Analysis of the repeat content and the interspersed elements on the Z chromosome and their distribution across the chromosome may help to elucidate dosage compensation for genes that have not previously been investigated (Suzuki et al, 1998). Molecular linkage maps using a variety of markers have been constructed for the silkworm (Nagaraju and Goldsmith, 2002;Goldsmith et al, 2005). In the present study, a mapping population was constructed specifically to identify and map sex chromosome-linked markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic mapping of Z chromosome and identification of W chromosome-specific markers in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Nagaraja

Mahesh

et al. 2005

Heredity

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In the silkworm, Bombyx mori, the female is the heterogametic (ZW) sex and the male is homogametic (ZZ). The female heterogamety is a typical situation in the insect order Lepidoptera. Although the W chromosome in silkworm is strongly female determining, no W-linked gene for a morphological character has been found on it. The Z chromosome carries important traits of economic value as well as genes for various phenotypic traits, but only 2% of molecular information based on its relative size is known. Studies conducted so far indicate that the Z-linked genes are not dosage compensated. In the present study, we constructed a genetic map of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fragments (RAPD), simple sequence repeats (SSR), and fluorescent intersimple sequence repeat PCR (FISSR) markers for the Z chromosome using a backcross mapping population. A total of 16 Zlinked markers were identified, characterized, and mapped using od, a recessive trait for translucent skin as an anchor marker yielding a total recombination map of 334.5 cM. The linkage distances obtained suggested that the markers were distributed throughout the Z chromosome. Four RAPD and four SSR markers that were linked to W chromosome were also identified. The proposed mapping approach should be useful to identify and map sex-linked traits in the silkworm. The economic and evolutionary significance of Z-and W-linked genes in silkworm, in particular, and lepidopterans, in general, is discussed. Heredity (2005) 95, 148-157.

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“…The silkworm Bombyx mori is a typical cocoon-making insect. Silkworms have been reared for more than 5,000 y for silk production, and more than 1,000 strains including geographical and mutant strains have been collected (1)(2)(3). Among them, many cocoon color mutants, including white, yellow, golden yellow, orange, pinkish, and green, have been maintained (2,3) (Fig.…”

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The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5- O -glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons with UV-shielding properties

Daimon

Hirayama

Kanai

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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105

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In the silkworm Bombyx mori, dietary flavonoids are metabolized and accumulate in cocoons, thereby causing green coloration. Classical genetic studies suggest that more than seven independent loci are associated with this trait; however, because of the complex inheritance pattern, none of these loci have been characterized molecularly, and a plausible and comprehensive model for their action has not been proposed. Here, we report the identification of the gene responsible for the Green b (Gb) locus involving the green cocoon trait. In + Gb animals, glucosylation at the 5-O position of dietary quercetin did not occur, and the total amount of flavonoids in tissues and cocoons was dramatically reduced. We performed positional cloning of Gb and found a 38-kb deletion in a UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) gene cluster associated with the + Gb allele. RT-PCR and biochemical studies suggested that deletion of Bm-UGT10286 (UGT) is responsible for Gb and Bm-UGT10286 is virtually the sole source of UGT activity toward the 5-O position of quercetin. Our data show that the regiospecific glucosylation of flavonoids by the quercetin 5-O-glucosyltransferase can greatly affect the overall bioavailability of flavonoids in animals. Furthermore, we provide evidence that flavonoids increase the UV-shielding activity of cocoons and thus could confer an increased survival advantage to insects contained in these cocoons. This study will lead to greater understanding of mechanisms for metabolism, uptake, and transport of dietary flavonoids, which have a variety of biological activities in animals and beneficial effects on human health.

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THE GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF THE SILKWORM, BOMBYX MORI

Cited by 429 publications

References 119 publications

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Mapping and recombination analysis of two moth colour mutations, Black moth and Wild wing spot, in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Genetic mapping of Z chromosome and identification of W chromosome-specific markers in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

The silkworm Green b locus encodes a quercetin 5- O -glucosyltransferase that produces green cocoons with UV-shielding properties

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