The genetic map of finger millet, Eleusine coracana

Abstract

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), expressed-sequenced tag (EST), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to generate a genetic map of the tetraploid finger millet (Eleusine coracana subsp. coracana) genome (2n = 4x = 36). Because levels of variation in finger millet are low, the map was generated in an inter-subspecific F(2) population from a cross between E. coracana subsp. coracana cv. Okhale-1 and its wild progenitor E. coracana subsp. africana acc. MD-20. Duplicated loci were used to identify homoeologous groups. Assignment of linkage groups to the A and B genome was done by comparing the hybridization patterns of probes in Okhale-1, MD-20, and Eleusine indica acc. MD-36. E. indica is the A genome donor to E. coracana. The maps span 721 cM on the A genome and 787 cM on the B genome and cover all 18 finger millet chromosomes, at least partially. To facilitate the use of marker-assisted selection in finger millet, a first set of 82 SSR markers was developed. The SSRs were identified in small-insert genomic libraries generated using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. Thirty-one of the SSRs were mapped. Application of the maps and markers in hybridization-based breeding programs will expedite the improvement of finger millet.

Genetic diversity and population structure of Ethiopian finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) genotypes using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

“…Similarly, Ramakrishnan et al (2016) reported 76.48% polymorphism on 128 genotypes using RAPD marker, Babu et al (2007) reported 91% polymorphism in 32 genotypes using RAPD marker; Bezaweletaw (2011) reported 72.35% percentage of polymorphism on 66 genotypes of finger millet from Ethiopia and Eritrea, and Fakrudin et al (2004) reported 85.82% percentage of polymorphism on 32 germplasms from Indian, while Panwar et al (2010) reported 56.17% polymorphisms in 83 genotypes using RAPD marker, Babu et al (2014) reported only 46% polymorphism in 190 genotypes of finger millet using SSR makers; Salimath et al (1995) reported 26% percentage of polymorphism on 17 genotypes of finger millet from Africa, Asia and Brazil. It may be because finger millet is a highly self-pollinated crop which resulted in low level of polymorphism by SSR marker analysis (Dida et al, 2007).…”

“…It is adapted to a wide range of environments and grown mainly by subsistence farmers. Finger millet serves as a food security crop because of its high nutritional value, excellent storage qualities and its importance as a low input crop (Dida et al, 2007). Ethiopia is one of the major producers of finger millet in addition to Uganda, India, Nepal and China and it is also native to the highlands of the country.…”

Linkage Maps of Lowland and Upland Tetraploid Switchgrass Ecotypes

“…Primer sets were designed from sequences containing SSRs of at least 18 bp (NFSG markers). At the University of Georgia (UGA), di-and trinucleotide SSRs were isolated from PstI 1.2-2.0 kb fragment libraries, also of genotype AP13, following hybridization of 92,160 colonies with the SSR oligo probes (GA) 15 , (CA) 15 , (GGA) 10 , and (GCA) 10 as described by Dida et al [16]. A subset of the clones was also screened with (ACC) 10 and (GAC) 10 (55,296 clones), and with (GAA) 10 (18,432 clones).…”

The complex origins of domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent

“…Genomics is also providing rich data sets for phylogeographic studies of domestication. STS analysis has been used to study barley origins [34], and microsatellites derived from ESTs have allowed detailed histories to be constructed for less frequently studied crops such as finger millet and durum wheat [62][63][64]. Now genome databases are filling up with genome survey sequences (short sequenced segments of a genome), which are likely to provide new insights into the role in domestication of sequences not captured as ESTs.…”