The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols

Zerjal, Tatiana; Xue, Yadong; Bertorelle, Giorgio; Wells, R. Spencer; Bao, Weidong; Zhu, Suling; Qamar, Raheel; Ayub, Qasim; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Fu, Songbin; Li, Pu; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Ruzibakiev, Ruslan; Xu, Jin; Shu, Qunfang; Du, Ru Xu; Yang, Huanming; Hurles, Matthew E.; Robinson, Elizabeth A.; Gerelsaikhan, Tudevdagva; Dashnyam, Bumbein; Mehdi, S. Qasim; Tyler‐Smith, Chris

doi:10.1086/367774

Cited by 485 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Because of the low observed number of Y-chromosomal matches, no dominant Y-chromosomal haplotypes were thus found within communities and regions at the time of surname adoption in the Late Middle Ages (results not shown). This is in contrast to Ireland (Moore et al, 2006) and Central Asia (Zerjal et al, 2003) where regional dominant haplotypes were observed in the present population but which were associated with specific historical facts before modern history (o1600).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

High Y-chromosomal diversity and low relatedness between paternal lineages on a communal scale in the Western European Low Countries during the surname establishment

et al. 2015

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There is limited knowledge on the biological relatedness between citizens and on the demographical dynamics within villages, towns and cities in pre-17th century Western Europe. By combining Y-chromosomal genotypes, in-depth genealogies and surname data in a strict genetic genealogical approach, it is possible to provide insights into the genetic diversity and the relatedness between indigenous paternal lineages within a particular community at the time of the surname adoption. To obtain these insights, six Flemish communities were selected in this study based on the differences in geography and historical development. After rigorous selection of appropriate DNA donors, low relatedness between Y chromosomes of different surnames was found within each community, although there is co-occurrence of these surnames in each community since the start of the surname adoption between the 14th and 15th century. Next, the high communal diversity in Y-chromosomal lineages was comparable with the regional diversity across Flanders at that time. Moreover, clinal distributions of particular Y-chromosomal lineages between the communities were observed according to the clinal distributions earlier observed across the Flemish regions and Western Europe. No significant indication for genetic differences between communities with distinct historical development was found in the analysis. These genetic results provide relevant information for studies in historical sciences, archaeology, forensic genetics and genealogy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

High Y-chromosomal diversity and low relatedness between paternal lineages on a communal scale in the Western European Low Countries during the surname establishment

et al. 2015

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“…The result was also reflected in PC and MDS analysis, which indicated that the Liqians were genetically close to Chinese populations, especially Han Chinese populations in various regions. The result was confirmed in admixture and phylogenetic analysis (Table 2, Previous studies demonstrated that the male lineages of the Mongolians spread rapidly in a large part of Asia (Zerjal et al 2002(Zerjal et al , 2003. The Hexi region in northern China, where the Liqians have settled, was controlled by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th centuries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…It is interesting to note that the Yugur cluster is surrounded by Liqian Y chromosomes. In general, mutation, recombination and migration can increase variation (Zerjal et al 2003). According to this, the Liqian people may have a more complex demographic history than the Yugur people.…”

Section: Median-joining Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the hypothesis of an ancient Roman soldier origin of the Liqian people in northwest China: a Y-chromosome perspective

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2007

J Hum Genet

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The Liqian people in north China are well known because of the controversial hypothesis of an ancient Roman mercenary origin. To test this hypothesis, 227 male individuals representing four Chinese populations were analyzed at 12 short tandem repeat (STR) loci and 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). At the haplogroup levels, 77% Liqian Y chromosomes were restricted to East Asia. Principal component (PC) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis suggests that the Liqians are closely related to Chinese populations, especially Han Chinese populations, whereas they greatly deviate from Central Asian and Western Eurasian populations. Further phylogenetic and admixture analysis confirmed that the Han Chinese contributed greatly to the Liqian gene pool. The Liqian and the Yugur people, regarded as kindred populations with common origins, present an underlying genetic difference in a median-joining network. Overall, a Roman mercenary origin could not be accepted as true according to paternal genetic variation, and the current Liqian population is more likely to be a subgroup of the Chinese majority Han.

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“…Among Indonesian foragers, horticulturalists and agriculturalists, high fertility along patrilines rarely persists for more than a few generations [50]. On the other hand, 8 per cent of Asian men living between the Pacific Ocean and the Caspian Sea can trace their Y chromosome to Genghis Khan and his relatives [51]. Most heritable genetic variation particular to status achievement will be associated with autosomal genes and not the few non-recombining genes on the Y chromosome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do men seek status? Fitness payoffs to dominance and prestige

2010

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In many human societies, high male social status associates with higher fertility, but the means by which status increases lifetime fitness have not been systematically investigated. We analyse the pathways by which male status begets reproductive success in a small-scale, Amerindian society. Men who are more likely to win a dyadic physical confrontation, i.e. dominant men, have higher intra-marital fertility for their age, and men with more community-wide influence, i.e. prestigious men, exhibit both higher intra-marital fertility and lower offspring mortality. Both forms of status elicit support from allies and deference from competitors, but high status men are not provisioned more than their peers. Prestigious but not dominant men marry wives who first give birth at earlier ages, which multivariate analysis suggests is the strongest pathway between status and fitness in this population. Furthermore, men are motivated to pursue status because of fitness gains both within and outside of marital unions: dominant and prestigious men have more in-pair surviving offspring as well as more extra-marital affairs.

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The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols

Cited by 485 publications

References 12 publications

High Y-chromosomal diversity and low relatedness between paternal lineages on a communal scale in the Western European Low Countries during the surname establishment

High Y-chromosomal diversity and low relatedness between paternal lineages on a communal scale in the Western European Low Countries during the surname establishment

Testing the hypothesis of an ancient Roman soldier origin of the Liqian people in northwest China: a Y-chromosome perspective

Why do men seek status? Fitness payoffs to dominance and prestige

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