The Genetic Diversity of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Birds in Peru

Nelson, Martha I.; Pollett, Simon; Ghersi, Bruno M.; Silva, Maria João; Simons, Mark P.; Icochea, Eliana; González, Armando E.; Segovia, Karen; Kasper, Matthew R.; Bausch, Daniel G.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146059

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Phylogenic and sequence analysis of all gene segments showed their similarity to wild bird viruses of North American origin, similar to other H11 viruses obtained in Central and South America to date. 15,45,46 However, unlike other poultry adapted AIVs, the N2 protein displayed a full-length stalk region. 47,48 The conservation of the stalk sequence implies that at the time of sampling there was still no significant adaptation of the H11N2 in Galliformes in spite of its transmission amongst domestic poultry at the LAM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Avian H11 influenza virus isolated from domestic poultry in a Colombian live animal market

Jimenez‐Bluhm

Karlsson

Čiuoderis

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Live animal markets (LAMs) are an essential source of food and trade in Latin American countries; however, they can also serve as ‘hotbeds' for the emergence and potential spillover of avian influenza viruses (AIV). Despite extensive knowledge of AIV in Asian LAMs, little is known about the prevalence South American LAMs. To fill this gap in knowledge, active surveillance was carried out at the major LAM in Medellin, Colombia between February and September 2015. During this period, overall prevalence in the market was 2.67% and a North American origin H11N2 AIV most similar to a virus isolated from Chilean shorebirds asymptomatically spread through multiple bird species in the market resulting in 17.0% positivity at peak of infection. Phenotypically, the H11 viruses displayed no known molecular markers associated with increased virulence in birds or mammals, had α2,3-sialic acid binding preference, and caused minimal replication in vitro and little morbidity in vivo. However, the Colombian H11N2 virus replicated and transmitted effectively in chickens explaining the spread throughout the market. Genetic similarity to H11 viruses isolated from North and South American shorebirds suggest that the LAM occurrence may have resulted from a wild bird to domestic poultry spillover event. The ability to spread in domestic poultry as well as potential for human infection by H11 viruses highlight the need for enhanced AIV surveillance in South America in both avian species and humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Avian H11 influenza virus isolated from domestic poultry in a Colombian live animal market

Jimenez‐Bluhm

Karlsson

Čiuoderis

et al. 2016

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…In Guatemala, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR)-positive samples obtained from year-long-resident species, such as black-bellied whistling duck, fulvous whistling duck, and American coot, have resulted in unsuccessful virus isolation attempts (24). However, virus isolates have been recovered in other tropical locations (9, 49), from these and other species that also reside in Guatemala. Intensive sampling of these potential avian reservoirs, with a geographical range more restricted to the Neotropics, as well as intensive sampling of other migratory species (in addition to hunted birds and different from the blue-winged teal), might help to uncover additional sources of the viral genetic diversity observed in Guatemala.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Intercontinental Spread and Uncommon Variants of Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks Overwintering in Guatemala

Gonzalez‐Reiche

Nelson

Angel

et al. 2017

mSphere

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Recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic H7N3, H5Nx, and H7N8 avian influenza viruses in North America were introduced by migratory birds, underscoring the importance of understanding how wild birds contribute to the dissemination and evolution of IAVs in nature. At least four of the main IAV duck host species in North America migrate through or overwinter within a narrow strip of Central America, providing opportunities for diverse IAV lineages to mix and exchange gene segments. By obtaining whole-genome sequences of 68 IAV isolates collected from migratory waterfowl in Guatemala (2010 to 2013), the largest data set available from Central America to date, we detected extensive viral diversity, including gene variants rarely found in North America and gene segments of Eurasian origin. Our findings highlight the need for increased IAV surveillance across the geographical span of bird migration flyways, including Neotropical regions that have been vastly undersampled to date.

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“…Most of the avian-origin IAV data in South America come from two major surveillance efforts established about 10 years ago in Chile and Argentina, intermittent surveillance in Peru and Brazil, and sporadic surveillance efforts in other parts of South America (Spackman et al 2006;Ghersi et al 2009Ghersi et al , 2011Mathieu et al 2015Mathieu et al , 2019Nelson et al 2016;Jiménez-Bluhm et al 2018). South American strains of H9N2 are few and have been isolated from two rosy-billed pochards and one ringed teal in Argentina, and from two mallards, one American oystercatcher, one gray plover, one brown-hooded gull, and one environmental sample in Chile.…”

Section: American Lineagementioning

confidence: 99%

H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge

Carnaccini

Pérez

2019

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the H9 subtype are enzootic in Asia, the Middle East, and parts of North and Central Africa, where they cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. Of note, some strains of H9N2 viruses have been linked to zoonotic episodes of mild respiratory diseases. Because of the threat posed by H9N2 viruses to poultry and human health, these viruses are considered of pandemic concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). H9N2 IAVs continue to diversify into multiple antigenically and phylogenetically distinct lineages that can further promote the emergence of strains with pandemic potential. Somewhat neglected compared with the H5 and H7 subtypes, there are numerous indicators that H9N2 viruses could be involved directly or indirectly in the emergence of the next influenza pandemic. The goal of this work is to discuss the state of knowledge on H9N2 IAVs and to provide an update on the contemporary global situation.

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The Genetic Diversity of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Birds in Peru

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Avian H11 influenza virus isolated from domestic poultry in a Colombian live animal market

Avian H11 influenza virus isolated from domestic poultry in a Colombian live animal market

Evidence of Intercontinental Spread and Uncommon Variants of Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks Overwintering in Guatemala

H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge

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