The Genetic Changes of Hepatoblastoma

Abstract

Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver cancer in childhood. The etiology of hepatoblastoma remains obscure. Hepatoblastoma is closely related to genetic syndromes, hinting that hepatoblastoma is a genetic predisposition disease. However, no precise exposures or genetic events are reported to hepatoblastoma occurrence. During the past decade, significant advances have been made in the understanding of etiology leading to hepatoblastoma, and several important genetic events that appear to be important for the development and progression of this tumor have been identified. Advances in our understanding of the genetic changes that underlie hepatoblastoma may translate into better patient outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been generally applied in the research of etiology’s exploration, disease treatment, and prognosis assessment. Here, we reviewed and discussed the molecular epidemiology, especially SNPs progresses in hepatoblastoma, to provide references for future studies and promote the study of hepatoblastoma’s etiology.

LncRNAs and CircRNAs in cancer

“…167 70% of the liver malignance origin in the hepatocyte, including hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular cancer. 168,169 The cases in males are slightly more than the cases in females. In addition, most hepatoblastomas have inherited backgrounds such as the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Beckwith Weidemann syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis coli, Sotos syndrome, and constitutional trisomy.…”

“…Hepatoblastoma, the most frequent malignant liver tumor in children, mainly appears in the first 2 years of life 167 . 70% of the liver malignance origin in the hepatocyte, including hepatoblastomas and hepatocellular cancer 168,169 . The cases in males are slightly more than the cases in females.…”

Surgical Pathology Diagnostic Pitfalls of Hepatoblastoma

“…In addition, germline and somatic mutations compound developmental factors, such as low birth weight and prematurity, to influence HB induction and growth. 1,6,8,26,27 Mutations implicated in the development of HB often involve the Wnt signaling pathway, more specifically, relating to the beta-catenin protein, a transcriptional cofactor. 10,11,28 Wnt signaling is intrinsic to embryonic development, promoting organized cellular proliferation and differentiation.…”

“…In addition, germline and somatic mutations compound developmental factors, such as low birth weight and prematurity, to influence HB induction and growth. 1 , 6 , 8 , 26 , 27 …”

Emerging Role and Mechanism of circRNAs in Pediatric Malignant Solid Tumors

“…Surgery and chemotherapy are the main clinical treatments for HB, with a 3-year survival rate of 72.73% and a 5-year survival rate of 50.0% ( Lake et al, 2019 ; Yang et al, 2019 ). Currently, the pathogenesis of HB is not clear and may be associated with multiple adverse factors such as genetic factors, immune response, low birth weight, and chromosomal abnormalities ( Cristobal et al, 2019 ; Chen H. et al, 2021 ).…”