The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Seed Size and Seed Number and Their Trade-Off Using <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> MAGIC Lines

Gnan, Sebastian; Priest, Anne; Kover, Paula X.

doi:10.1534/genetics.114.170746

Cited by 88 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Multi-parent crosses have become increasingly popular for QTL studies (Gnan et al 2014; Huang et al 2014; Tsaih et al 2014; Dell’Acqua et al 2015) due to the idiosyncratic histories of existing reference populations and the desire to meet ideal properties of uniform allele frequencies, randomized assortment, and recombination. Here, we demonstrate the need for proactive monitoring and potential corrective measures to maintain the utility of populations like the DO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity Outbred Mice at 21: Maintaining Allelic Variation in the Face of Selection

Chesler

Gatti

Morgan

et al. 2016

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Multi-parent populations (MPPs) capture and maintain the genetic diversity from multiple inbred founder strains to provide a resource for high-resolution genetic mapping through the accumulation of recombination events over many generations. Breeding designs that maintain a large effective population size with randomized assignment of breeders at each generation can minimize the impact of selection, inbreeding, and genetic drift on allele frequencies. Small deviations from expected allele frequencies will have little effect on the power and precision of genetic analysis, but a major distortion could result in reduced power and loss of important functional alleles. We detected strong transmission ratio distortion in the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse population on chromosome 2, caused by meiotic drive favoring transmission of the WSB/EiJ allele at the R2d2 locus. The distorted region harbors thousands of polymorphisms derived from the seven non-WSB founder strains and many of these would be lost if the sweep was allowed to continue. To ensure the utility of the DO population to study genetic variation on chromosome 2, we performed an artificial selection against WSB/EiJ alleles at the R2d2 locus. Here, we report that we have purged the WSB/EiJ allele from the drive locus while preserving WSB/EiJ alleles in the flanking regions. We observed minimal disruption to allele frequencies across the rest of the autosomal genome. However, there was a shift in haplotype frequencies of the mitochondrial genome and an increase in the rate of an unusual sex chromosome aneuploidy. The DO population has been restored to genome-wide utility for genetic analysis, but our experience underscores that vigilant monitoring of similar genetic resource populations is needed to ensure their long-term utility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity Outbred Mice at 21: Maintaining Allelic Variation in the Face of Selection

Chesler

Gatti

Morgan

et al. 2016

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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“…that genetic factors controlling seed size and seed numbers are situated in different parts of the Arabidopsis genome (on different chromosomes) and can evolve independently (Gnan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Genetic Controls On Seed Size and Number: Lessons From Arabimentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant and Animal Reproductive Strategies: Lessons from Offspring Size and Number Tradeoffs

Dani

Kodandaramaiah

2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The tradeoff between offspring size and number is ubiquitous and manifestly similar in plants and animals despite fundamental differences between the evolutionary histories of these two major life forms. Fecundity (offspring number) primarily affects parental fitness, while offspring size underpins the fitness of parents and offspring. We provide an overview of theoretical models dealing with offspring size and fitness relationships. We follow that with a detailed examination of life-history constraints and environmental effects on offspring size and number, separately in plants and animals. The emphasis is on seed plants, but we endeavor to also summarize information from distinct animal groups-insects, fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Furthermore, we analyse genetic controls on offspring size and number in two model organisms-Arabidopsis and Drosophila. Despite the deep evolutionary divergence between plants and animals, we find four trends in reproductive strategy that are common to both lineages: (i) offspring size is generally less variable than offspring number, (ii) offspring size increases with increasing parent body size, (iii) maternal genes restrict offspring size and increase offspring numbers, while zygotic genes act to increase offspring size; such parent-offspring conflicts are enhanced when there is sibling rivalry, and (iv) variation in offspring size increases under sub-optimal (harsh) environmental conditions. The most salient difference between plants and animals is that the latter tend to produce larger (fewer) offspring under sub-optimal conditions while seed plants invest in smaller (many) seeds, suggesting that maternal genetic control over offspring size increases in plants but decreases in animals with parental care. The time is ripe for greater experimental exploration of genetic controls on reproductive allocation and parent-offspring conflicts in plants and animals under sub-optimal (harsh) environments.

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“…Both traits are affected by a large number of mostly non-overlapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in their genetic architecture, which has been manifested by using mapping lines created by two [57][58][59][60] and multiple parents [61]. This indicates that the relatedness between seed mass and number may not be invariably direct.…”

Section: Seed Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the Environment in Plant Life-History Trade-offs

Liu¹,

Walck²,

El‐Kassaby³

2017

Advances in Seed Biology

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Variation in plant life-history and functional traits at between-and within-species levels has key ecological consequences, in which environmental settings impose strong selective pressures and play a vital role throughout life cycles. Our general notion for plant life-history strategies may be that, relative to tall, long-lived plants, short-lived species have features of small stature, small-seededness, rapid growth, and low seedling survival (k-versus r-selection). Rate of evolution may be an important agent of selection and annals evolve more rapidly than perennial congeners. These empirical observations prompt a suite of enticing questions, such as how do life-history traits interplay with functional trait at late stages of regeneration? what are the primary trade-offs in a cohort of key life-history traits that may have undergone stabilizing selection? and how do environmental filters differently affect adaptive trait variation in annuals and perennials? In this chapter, we intend to address aforementioned questions via assembling our updated knowledge with emphasis on seed mass and temporal and spatial dimensions of seed dispersal. Through such synthesis, we wish to raise awareness about life-history trade-offs and provide a holistic understanding of the extent to which climate change is likely to impact plant adaptation and eco-evolutionary trajectories of life-history phenotypes.

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The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Seed Size and Seed Number and Their Trade-Off Using Arabidopsis thaliana MAGIC Lines

Cited by 88 publications

References 58 publications

Diversity Outbred Mice at 21: Maintaining Allelic Variation in the Face of Selection

Diversity Outbred Mice at 21: Maintaining Allelic Variation in the Face of Selection

Plant and Animal Reproductive Strategies: Lessons from Offspring Size and Number Tradeoffs

Roles of the Environment in Plant Life-History Trade-offs

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