The genetic basis of host plant adaptation in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

Sezer, Metin; Butlin, Roger K.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00316.x

Cited by 51 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One reason for this lack of clarity is that empirical data for the genetics of ecological adaptation vary among species (e.g., governed by autosomal loci or sex-linked genes, few or many genes, genes of small or large effect, or genes with dominance, epistatic interactions or no dominance)15. However, the present results and a growing number of studies have demonstrated that phytophagous insects have different genetic bases between preference and performance with different modes of inheritance7816171819202122. This implies that hybrids are likely to express different, and often functionally incompatible, phenotypes for preference and performance traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Genetic mechanisms preventing the fusion of ecotypes even in the face of gene flow

Ohshima

2012

Sci Rep

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Understanding the genetics behind adaptation and reproductive isolation contributes to our knowledge about how biodiversity is created and maintained. Host races of phytophagous insects are host-associated ecotypes and have been considered as candidates for ecological speciation, but very little is known about the genetic backgrounds of host adaptations. A leaf-mining moth, Acrocercops transecta, consists of Juglans- and Lyonia-associated host races. This study assesses the genetic bases of oviposition preference and larval performance using F1, F2 and backcross hybrids between the two host races. Segregation patterns in the hybrid generations revealed that larval performance on Juglans is dominant, but oviposition preference for Lyonia is dominant. This result indicates that genetic components introgressed from the Lyonia race are removed from the Juglans race even though hybrid larvae are viable on Juglans. Thus, simple genetic controls with contrasting dominance directions in host-adaptation traits function as barriers to prevent a fusion of host races.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Genetic mechanisms preventing the fusion of ecotypes even in the face of gene flow

Ohshima

2012

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, compared with SfGSTd1 , NlGSTd1 showed a similar expression pattern across the six life stages (five nymph stages and the macropterous adult male stages) (Figure 7) and is similar to the LsGSTd1 in L. striatellus [18]. This difference in GST expression could be due to the breadth of host plants used by the three species, with N. lugens being monophagous, while L. striatellus and S. furcifera are polyphagous [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Genomic Insights into the Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family of Two Rice Planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Zhou

Liang

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundGlutathione S-transferase (GST) genes control crucial traits for the metabolism of various toxins encountered by insects in host plants and the wider environment, including insecticides. The planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera are serious specialist pests of rice throughout eastern Asia. Their capacity to rapidly adapt to resistant rice varieties and to develop resistance to various insecticides has led to severe outbreaks over the last decade.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing the genome sequence of N. lugens, we identified for the first time the complete GST gene family of a delphacid insect whilst nine GST gene orthologs were identified from the closely related species S. furcifera. Nilaparvata lugens has 11 GST genes belonging to six cytosolic subclasses and a microsomal class, many fewer than seen in other insects with known genomes. Sigma is the largest GST subclass, and the intron–exon pattern deviates significantly from that of other species. Higher GST gene expression in the N. lugens adult migratory form reflects the higher risk of this life stage in encountering the toxins of non-host plants. After exposure to a sub-lethal dose of four insecticides, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, buprofezin or beta-cypermethrin, more GST genes were upregulated in S. furcifera than in N. lugens. RNA interference targeting two N. lugens GST genes, NlGSTe1 and NlGSTm2, significantly increased the sensitivity of fourth instar nymphs to chlorpyrifos but not to beta-cypermethrin.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study provides the first elucidation of the nature of the GST gene family in a delphacid species, offering new insights into the evolution of metabolic enzyme genes in insects. Further, the use of RNA interference to identify the GST genes induced by insecticides illustrates likely mechanisms for the tolerance of these insects.

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“…Our findings thus establish the use of single males to found experimental populations as an attractive option for BSA studies in mites. This is of particular relevance to potential genetic studies of polygenic traits, examples of which include many instances of metabolic pesticide resistance (Li et al, 2007; Van Leeuwen et al, 2010), and presumably host plant adaptation (Dermauw et al, 2013; Gould, 1979; Jaquiéry et al, 2012; Sezer and Butlin, 1998; Via, 1990), where locus and allelic heterogeneity can confound the detection of quantitative trait loci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution genetic mapping uncovers chitin synthase-1 as the target-site of the structurally diverse mite growth inhibitors clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole in Tetranychus urticae

Demaeght

Osborne

Odman-Naresh

et al. 2014

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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The acaricides clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole are commonly referred to as ‘mite growth inhibitors’, and clofentezine and hexythiazox have been used successfully for the integrated control of plant mite pests for decades. Although they are still important today, their mode of action has remained elusive. Recently, a mutation in chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) was linked to etoxazole resistance. In this study, we identified and investigated a T. urticae strain (HexR) harboring recessive, monogenic resistance to each of hexythiazox, clofentezine, and etoxazole. To elucidate if there is a common genetic basis for the observed cross-resistance, we adapted a previously developed bulk segregant analysis method to map with high resolution a single, shared resistance locus for all three compounds. This finding indicates that the underlying molecular basis for resistance to all three compounds is identical. This locus is centered on the CHS1 gene, and as supported by additional genetic and biochemical studies, a non-synonymous variant (I1017F) in CHS1 associates with resistance to each of the tested acaricides in HexR. Our findings thus demonstrate a shared molecular mode of action for the chemically diverse mite growth inhibitors clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole as inhibitors of an essential, non-catalytic activity of CHS1. Given the previously documented cross-resistance between clofentezine, hexythiazox and the benzyolphenylurea compounds flufenoxuron and cycloxuron, CHS1 should be also considered as a potential target-site of insecticidal BPUs.

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The genetic basis of host plant adaptation in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

Cited by 51 publications

References 29 publications

Genetic mechanisms preventing the fusion of ecotypes even in the face of gene flow

Genetic mechanisms preventing the fusion of ecotypes even in the face of gene flow

Genomic Insights into the Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family of Two Rice Planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

High resolution genetic mapping uncovers chitin synthase-1 as the target-site of the structurally diverse mite growth inhibitors clofentezine, hexythiazox and etoxazole in Tetranychus urticae

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