The Genetic Basis of Addictive Disorders

Ducci, Francesca; Goldman, David

doi:10.1016/j.psc.2012.03.010

Cited by 210 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The role of genetic, sociocultural, biological, and other factors, including drug availability, peer influence, social support, and type and psychoactive properties of the drug, varies across the lifespan and in different stages of the addiction process. Briefly, it seems that environmental factors (such as peer influences and family environment) have a stronger effect on exposure and initial pattern of use, whereas genetic factors play a major role in the transition from regular use to the development of addiction [11,12]. Moreover, it should not be overlooked that genetic factors underlying addiction may overlap to various degrees with those underlying other psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Diagnosis Patients First Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward for Acute Psychiatric Patients: 2-Year Period 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014

Gramaglia¹,

Lombardi²,

Rossi³

et al. 2016

Recent Advances in Drug Addiction Research and Clinical Applications

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Dual diagnosis (DD) is the coexistence of severe mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorder (SUD). The increase of DD observed in recent years has important implications for mental health services organization. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and features of DD over a decade, comparing the periods 2003-2004 and 2013-2014. We performed a retrospective study retrieving sociodemographic and clinical data from the medical records of patients at their first admission to the Psychiatric Ward of University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità" in Novara, Italy. Patients with SMI and comorbid SUD (SMI-SUD) and patients with SMI without comorbidity (SMI) were compared in the two periods, 2003-2004 versus 2013-2014. SMI-SUD patients in both 2-year periods were more likely to be male, younger, unemployed, living with parents (or alone, for the 2013-2014 period) rather than with a family of their own, and single (or divorced, in 2003-2004). The 2003-2004 patients were more frequently diagnosed with a personality disorder, whereas the 2013-2014 patients had mixed diagnoses. We have found differences in the possible predictors of substance abuse in the two periods as well: in both periods, male gender was associated with an increased risk of DD, whereas age >61 years was associated with decreased risk. Only in the first period (2003)(2004) was having a university degree associated with a decreased risk of DD, whereas the diagnosis of a personality disorder was associated with an increased risk of DD; on the contrary, in the second period (2013)(2014), living in a protective environment was associated with a decreased risk of DD. The identification of changes in the prevalence of first admission DD patients and their clinical and sociodemographic features may help to highlight an evolving pattern of substance use and to identify possible risk factors that may be the target of prevention and treatment approaches.

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Section: Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Diagnosis Patients First Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward for Acute Psychiatric Patients: 2-Year Period 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014

Gramaglia¹,

Lombardi²,

Rossi³

et al. 2016

Recent Advances in Drug Addiction Research and Clinical Applications

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“…Some of the genetic variations identified are more specific to certain types of addiction, and their presence is associated with alterations in cerebral function. [33] However the physiopathology of addiction cannot be reduced to mere genetic susceptibility, and other exogenous factors (pre-or post-natal stress, unfavourable living conditions etc. .…”

Section: Addiction: a Model Of Individual Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction, Experimental Models and Neurobiological Mechanisms

Bordet¹

2015

Therapies

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-Humans have constantly sought to alleviate their existential anxieties, first resorting to substances found in their natural environment, and more recently, with the arrival of modern chemistry, using synthetic substances or medications. The substances used in this way are constantly renewing, warranting health surveillance and particular vigilance towards the addictive risk, given its major medical and social impact. This surveillance and vigilance requires detailed, accurate knowledge of the pharmacological and physio-pathological models involved in the emergence of the process of addiction, in particular disturbances of the systems regulating dopaminergic transfer; it also requires knowledge of the means to identify individual risk factors linked to genetic or psycho-behavioural susceptibilities.

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“…To evaluate whether Baiap3 genotype would affect the propensity for di- D 1 9 : 1 3 5 -1 4 8 , 2 0 1 3 14.42 ± 3.70 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] 0.680 (Z = -0.41)…”

Section: Baiap3 Ko Mice Have An Increased Seizure Propensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14.21 ± 3.48 14.32 ± 3.76 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] 0 13.55 ± 6.04 14.02 ± 6.41 0.427 (Z = -0.79) 13.53 ± 6.03 14.23 ± 6.50 0.249 (Z = -1. 14.56 ± 3.95 14.12 ± 3.54 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] 0.447 (Z = -0.76)…”

Section: B a I A P 3 I S A S S O C I A T E D W I T H A N X I E T Y A unclassified

“…To improve upon established treatment options, which include pharmacological as well as cognitive-behavioral therapies (6,7), a more detailed picture of the etiology of these disorders is instrumental. Estimates of heritability from twin and family studies are in the range of 20-40% across the different anxiety disorders (8,9) and in the range of 40-70% for the major substance use disorders (10). Recent studies point to the involvement of a large number of genes with relatively small effect sizes for both anxiety disorder (11,12) and substance use disorder (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Markers of a Munc13 Protein Family Member, BAIAP3, Are Gender Specifically Associated with Anxiety and Benzodiazepine Abuse in Mice and Humans

Wojcik

Tantra

Stepniak

et al. 2013

Mol Med

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Anxiety disorders and substance abuse, including benzodiazepine use disorder, frequently occur together. Unfortunately, treatment of anxiety disorders still includes benzodiazepines, and patients with an existing comorbid benzodiazepine use disorder or a genetic susceptibility for benzodiazepine use disorder may be at risk of adverse treatment outcomes. The identification of genetic predictors for anxiety disorders, and especially for benzodiazepine use disorder, could aid the selection of the best treatment option and improve clinical outcomes. The brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor I-associated protein 3 (Baiap3) is a member of the mammalian uncoordinated 13 (Munc13) protein family of synaptic regulators of neurotransmitter exocytosis, with a striking expression pattern in amygdalae, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. Deletion of Baiap3 in mice leads to enhanced seizure propensity and increased anxiety, with the latter being more pronounced in female than in male animals. We hypothesized that genetic variation in human BAIAP3 may also be associated with anxiety. By using a phenotype-based genetic association study, we identified two human BAIAP3 single-nucleotide polymorphism risk genotypes (AA for rs2235632, TT for rs1132358) that show a significant association with anxiety in women and, surprisingly, with benzodiazepine abuse in men. Returning to mice, we found that male, but not female, Baiap3 knockout (KO) mice develop tolerance to diazepam more quickly than control animals. Analysis of cultured Baiap3 KO hypothalamus slices revealed an increase in basal network activity and an altered response to diazepam withdrawal. Thus, Baiap3/BAIAP3 is gender specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine use disorder, and the analysis of Baiap3/BAIAP3-related functions may help elucidate mechanisms underlying the development of both disorders.

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The Genetic Basis of Addictive Disorders

Cited by 210 publications

References 130 publications

Dual Diagnosis Patients First Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward for Acute Psychiatric Patients: 2-Year Period 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014

Dual Diagnosis Patients First Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward for Acute Psychiatric Patients: 2-Year Period 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014

Addiction, Experimental Models and Neurobiological Mechanisms

Genetic Markers of a Munc13 Protein Family Member, BAIAP3, Are Gender Specifically Associated with Anxiety and Benzodiazepine Abuse in Mice and Humans

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