The genesis of the CPT theorem

Blum, Alexander S.; Velasco, Andrés Martínez de

doi:10.1140/epjh/s13129-022-00037-w

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…From the viewpoint of symmetry, the total Hamiltonian of the whole system including Ni 3 TeO 6 and X‐rays should be invariant under the simultaneous transformations of charge conjugation, parity (

\mathcal {P}

), and

\mathcal {T}

. [ 45 ] For temperatures above T N , the coupling of circularly polarized X‐rays to crystal chirality makes the photon‐matter interaction symmetric under

\mathcal {P}

transformation (more precisely, mirror‐image transformation). That is, an observation of XNCD requires that the sample has a broken

\mathcal {PT}

symmetry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant X‐Ray Circular Dichroism in a Time‐Reversal Invariant Antiferromagnet

Okamoto,

Wang,

Chu

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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X‐ray circular dichroism, arising from the contrast in X‐ray absorption between opposite photon helicities, serves as a spectroscopic tool to measure the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials and identify the handedness of chiral crystals. Antiferromagnets with crystallographic chirality typically lack X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism because of time‐reversal symmetry, yet exhibit weak X‐ray natural circular dichroism. Here, we report the observation of giant natural circular dichroism in the Ni L3‐edge X‐ray absorption of Ni3TeO6, a polar and chiral antiferromagnet with effective time‐reversal symmetry. To unravel this intriguing phenomenon, we propose a phenomenological model that classifies the movement of photons in a chiral crystal within the same symmetry class as that of a magnetic field. The coupling of X‐ray polarization with the induced magnetization yields giant X‐ray natural circular dichroism, revealing typical ferromagnetic behaviors allowed by the symmetry in an antiferromagnet, i.e., the altermagnetism of Ni3TeO6. Our findings provide evidence for the interplay between magnetism and crystal chirality in natural optical activity. Additionally, we establish the first example of a new class of magnetic materials exhibiting circular dichroism with time‐reversal symmetry.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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\mathcal {P}

), and

\mathcal {T}

. [ 45 ] For temperatures above T N , the coupling of circularly polarized X‐rays to crystal chirality makes the photon‐matter interaction symmetric under

\mathcal {P}

transformation (more precisely, mirror‐image transformation). That is, an observation of XNCD requires that the sample has a broken

\mathcal {PT}

symmetry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant X‐Ray Circular Dichroism in a Time‐Reversal Invariant Antiferromagnet

Okamoto,

Wang,

Chu

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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“…theorem [91] requires conservation of the combined CP and T symmetries. If a test of T symmetry is performed and T violation is observed to be different than CP violation in the charm system, it would be a clear indication of physics beyond the Standard Model; perhaps it would mean that T violation in the charm system arises from different mechanisms than CP violation in the charm system [92].…”

Section: Jhep03(2023)038mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel correlated $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ systems for c/b physics and tests of T/CPT

Naik

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Decays of charmonia(-like) particles with definite JPC (e.g. χc1(3872)) to a $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ D 0 D ¯ 0 system and any combination of C-definite decay particles, are sources of quantum-correlated $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ D 0 D ¯ 0 systems with C = P = ±1. Several b-hadron decays also produce quantum-correlated $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ D 0 D ¯ 0 systems. Advantages of isolating these systems in their C = +1 components for amplitude analyses and studies of lineshapes are discussed. Methods to separate the C = ±1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ D 0 D ¯ 0 components from χc1(3872) decay samples are presented. Studies of T and CPT conservation in C = +1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ D 0 D ¯ 0 systems can be performed with more easily reconstructible final states, when compared to C = −1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ D 0 D ¯ 0 systems. Experimental mechanisms that can produce C = ±1 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ D 0 D ¯ 0 systems are described in an appendix.

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“…Until around the middle of the 20th century, it was taken for granted that all discrete symmetry transformations are good ones-that is these operations do not make a difference in the experimental outcome-but then parityviolation and later CP-violation were discovered experimentally, implying that nature does distinguish between left and right, and between matter and antimatter. Today, only the combined CPT-symmetry is assumed to be exact (the so-called CPT theorem [8]). As a consequence, this means that CP-violation implicates T-reversal violation and vice versa to preserve CPT.…”

Section: Introduction 1scientific Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Storage Rings for Electric Dipole Moment Searches: A Tool En Route to Physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model

et al. 2023

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Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of particles (leptons, nucleons, and light nuclei) are currently deemed one of the best indicators for new physics, i.e., phenomena which lie outside the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics—so-called physics “Beyond-the-Standard-Model” (BSM). Since EDMs of the SM are vanishingly small, a finite permanent EDM would indicate charge-parity (CP) symmetry violation in addition to the well-known sources of the SM, and could explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, while an oscillating EDM would hint at a possible Dark Matter (DM) field comprising axions or axion-like particles (ALPs). A new approach exploiting polarized charged particles (proton, deuteron, 3He) in precision storage rings offers the prospect to push current experimental EDM upper limits significantly further, including the possibility of an EDM discovery. In this paper, we describe the scientific background and the steps towards the realization of a precision storage ring, which will make such measurements possible.

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The genesis of the CPT theorem

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Giant X‐Ray Circular Dichroism in a Time‐Reversal Invariant Antiferromagnet

Giant X‐Ray Circular Dichroism in a Time‐Reversal Invariant Antiferromagnet

Novel correlated $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^0 $$ systems for c/b physics and tests of T/CPT

Precision Storage Rings for Electric Dipole Moment Searches: A Tool En Route to Physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model

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