The generic taxonomy of the Australian Magpie and Australo-Papuan butcherbirds is not all black-and-white

Cake, Martin; Black, Andrew; Joseph, Leo

doi:10.25226/bboc.v138i4.2018.a6

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…They are ground foragers, feeding mainly on invertebrates (Schodde & Mason, 1999;Kaplan, 2019). Despite the name, Australian magpies are not corvids and are instead part of the family Artamidae which also includes butcherbirds, currawongs, and wood swallows (Christidis & Boles, 2008;Kearns et al, 2013;Cake et al, 2018;Gill et al, 2021). There have been some reports from field observations that birds of the family Artamidae exhibit tool using behaviours (Lefebvre et al, 2002;Bentley-Condit & Smith, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence of tool use in an Australian magpie?

Johnsson

Connelly

Lesku

2022

Behav.

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We investigated tool use in twelve wild-caught Australian magpies. When presented with a tool use apparatus consisting of two transparent walls with a food reward placed in-between, seven magpies pulled the stick out of the apparatus acquiring the food within. On one occasion, one magpie manipulated the removed stick, carried it back to the apparatus, dropped it between the two walls and proceeded to rake out the food within reach of its beak. We believe this observation is important for the field of comparative cognition as it (1) is the first study to report stick tool use in Australian magpies, and (2) shows a novel behaviour in a ground foraging bird that, as far as we know, do not naturally use tools for food extraction. This study provides preliminary evidence that Australian magpies may be added to the list of bird species that can use tools.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence of tool use in an Australian magpie?

Johnsson

Connelly

Lesku

2022

Behav.

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Wild Australian magpies learn to pull intact, not broken, strings to obtain food

Johnsson¹,

Veillet²,

Connelly³

et al. 2023

Behav Ecol Sociobiol

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The string-pulling paradigm is an approach commonly used in the study of animal cognition to investigate problem-solving abilities. This test involves an out-of-reach reward that can only be acquired through pulling a string. Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen tyrannica) can solve cognitive tasks requiring associative and reversal learning, spatial memory, and inhibitory control. Nonetheless, whether magpies can pass a test of means-end understanding—the string-pull test—is unclear. We tested wild magpies on a string-pulling task with five configurations, including a long loose string that required several pulls to obtain food, a short string that only required a single pull to complete, and two short strings—one intact and connected to the food reward; the other broken and unable to yield food when pulled. Of the 11 magpies tested, none solved the long string task at first presentation. Two naïve birds and three, subsequently trained, birds succeeded at the short string. Once proficient at the short string, four of these five birds then solved the long string task; in addition, three learned to choose a functional, intact string over a non-functional, broken string. Overall, these observations provide evidence that Australian magpies have the ability to solve string-pulling tasks but it remains unclear whether they do so by trial-and-error or if they possess means-end understanding. Significance statement We found, for the first time, that wild, free-ranging Australian magpies can learn to solve different versions of a string-pulling task; a version with a short string, a long string, and two strings next to each other where one of them was broken and non-functional (broken string task). Some magpies spontaneously solved the task with the short string, where other magpies required training, and magpies only managed to solve the task with the long string after they had succeeded on the short string task. Furthermore, some of the magpies solved the broken string task but required a high number of trials to do so. Overall, our findings show that Australian magpies have the ability to solve string-pulling tasks but it remains unclear whether they do so by trial-and-error or if they understand causal relations between objects.

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The generic taxonomy of the Australian Magpie and Australo-Papuan butcherbirds is not all black-and-white

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Preliminary evidence of tool use in an Australian magpie?

Preliminary evidence of tool use in an Australian magpie?

Wild Australian magpies learn to pull intact, not broken, strings to obtain food

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