The Generational Impact Of Racism On Health: Voices From American Indian Communities

Solomon, Teshia G. Arambula; Starks, Rachel; Attakai, Agnes; Molina, Fatima; Cordova-Marks, Felina; Kahn-John, Michelle; Antone, Chester L; Flores, Marina; García, Francisco José Álvarez

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01419

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The observed disparities among AI/AN persons could be the result of multiple factors. Historical trauma and structural racism negatively affect the health and well-being of AI/AN persons ( 9 ). In addition, living in rural and remote areas can result in increased health risks and decreased access to and use of health care ( 10 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Public health professionals should continue to work with tribal health organizations in Alaska to provide culturally competent and regionally required health interventions. Existing health promotion initiatives in AI/AN communities, including those related to COVID-19, can be integrated with cultural interventions to enhance relevance and respect the knowledge and wisdom of these communities as experts on their own needs ( 9 ). Lessons learned from AI/AN communities can also be collected and shared; COVID-19 vaccination rates vary by community, with some predominantly AI/AN communities having very high numbers of eligible residents being vaccinated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Persons — Alaska, 2020–2021

Ward¹,

Black²,

Britton³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Persons — Alaska, 2020–2021

Ward¹,

Black²,

Britton³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Historically, AIAN communities have also long endured discrimination [ 43 , 44 ]. And, although the evidence pertaining to their specific experiences and the mechanisms that have led to their worse outcomes during COVID-19 is more limited, some of the very same channels that are highlighted above that afflict Black communities are also likely to apply to them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It must confront many of the broader structural inequities in the social and economic arenas, including in education, employment, housing and healthcare, as well as disparities in wealth and power that have resulted in entrenched inequalities in health outcomes. But it should also be attuned to the specific cultural and historical sensitivities that have caused these communities to access and utilize healthcare at sub-optimal rates [ 27 , 44 , 45 ]. As such, the policy response requires careful investigation, planning, building societal awareness and consensus and, inevitably, significant mobilization of resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, ethnicity and mortality in the United States during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment

Dendir

2022

Discov Soc Sci Health

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The fact that a disproportionate share of the disease burden from COVID-19, including mortality, has been borne by racial and ethnic minority communities is well documented. The purpose of this paper is to reassess the “race/ethnicity effect” in COVID-19 mortality in the United States. Using an ecological regression framework and county-level data, the study aims to make two contributions. First, it estimates the race/ethnicity effect for all major racial/ethnic groups at four important junctures during the first year of the pandemic. In doing so, it seeks to provide the fullest possible picture of the nature and evolution of the race/ethnicity effect. Second, it estimates the race/ethnicity effect net of basic socioeconomic factors (SEF). This helps to identify the likely mechanisms through which the race/ethnicity effect operates. Racial/ethnic composition is flexibly measured in two ways—by percentage contributions to county population and by indicators of group plurality. The ecological regressions revealed a positive association between the size of three racial/ethnic groups—non-Hispanic Blacks, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaskan Natives (AIAN) and Hispanics—and county mortality, although the association was stronger and more consistent for Blacks and AIANs. Furthermore, accounting for basic SEF had different impacts on the race/ethnicity-mortality association for the three groups. For Hispanics, it was almost fully mediated. For Blacks, it decreased but remained statistically significant [62–6% higher mortality associated with a 1-standard deviation increase in Black share of county population; 2.3–1.1 times higher mortality in the average Black plurality county]. For AIANs, it was largely unaffected or even increased [44–10% higher mortality associated with a 1-standard deviation increase in AIAN share; 6.2–1.8 times higher mortality in AIAN plurality county). For all groups, the race/ethnicity effect generally decreased as the pandemic wore on during the first year.

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“…Through our ongoing process of (un)learning, we benefit from the intellectual work advanced by Indigenous scholaractivists [e.g., decolonizing methodologies (3), historical trauma (53,86,87), loss of culture (88), colonial schooling (89)]. We encourage anticolonial stances in public health literature in hopes that increased attention to colonialism as a determinant of health will yield more collective power and resources to disrupt it.…”

Section: Contradictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning to love ourselves again: Organizing Filipinx/a/o scholar-activists as antiracist public health praxis

Manalo-Pedro

Mackey

Banawa

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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A critical component for health equity lies in the inclusion of structurally excluded voices, such as Filipina/x/o Americans (FilAms). Because filam invisibility is normalized, denaturalizing these conditions requires reimagining power relations regarding whose experiences are documented, whose perspectives are legitimized, and whose strategies are supported. in this community case study, we describe our efforts to organize a multidisciplinary, multigenerational, community-driven collaboration for FilAm community wellness. Catalyzed by the disproportionate burden of deaths among FilAm healthcare workers at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accompanying silence from mainstream public health leaders, we formed the Filipinx/a/o Community Health Association (FilCHA). FilCHA is a counterspace where students, faculty, clinicians, and community leaders across the nation could collectively organize to resist our erasure. By building a virtual, intellectual community that centers our voices, FilCHA shifts power through partnerships in which people who directly experience the conditions that cause inequities have leadership roles and avenues to share their perspectives. We used Pinayism to guide our study of FilCHA, not just for the current crisis State-side, but through a multigenerational, transnational understanding of what knowledges have been taken from us and our ancestors. By naming our collective pain, building a counterspace for love of the community, and generating reflections for our communities, we work toward shared liberation. Harnessing the collective power of researchers as truth seekers and organizers as community builders in affirming spaces for holistic community wellbeing is love in action. This moment demands that we explicitly name love as essential to antiracist public health praxis.

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The Generational Impact Of Racism On Health: Voices From American Indian Communities

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Persons — Alaska, 2020–2021

COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among American Indian or Alaska Native Persons — Alaska, 2020–2021

Race, ethnicity and mortality in the United States during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: an assessment

Learning to love ourselves again: Organizing Filipinx/a/o scholar-activists as antiracist public health praxis

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