In this paper we discuss the basic approach to the functional safety assessment. The construction is done for any of the transport system, wherein one can clearly distinguish the functional elements of the infrastructure. Assumes a system allowing tests to assess the status of each item. Used to build the index automata theory. Explanation of the model are made by the example of the railway infrastructure. Nevertheless, similar approaches can be applied to other transport systems not only road, but also, for example, the gas tube transportation system.