The Generalized Reciprocal Method of Seismic Refraction Interpretation

Palmer, Derecke

doi:10.1190/1.9781560802426

Cited by 234 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although simple analysis techniques (e.g. the generalized reciprocal method; Palmer, 1980) can be employed for mapping first-order discontinuities underlying relatively uniform overburden, more sophisticated 2-D tomographic inversion techniques are required for analyzing rock glacier seismic data. The geophysical literature describes tomographic inversion algorithms based on twopoint ray tracing (Zelt and Smith, 1992) and finite-difference Eikonal solvers (Lanz and others, 1998), the latter being the preferred choice for data distinguished by strong lateral speed variations.…”

Section: Seismic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Maurer¹,

Hauck

2007

J. Glaciol.

128

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ABSTRACT. Slope instabilities caused by the disappearance of ice within alpine rock glaciers are an issue of increasing concern. Design of suitable counter-measures requires detailed knowledge of the internal structures of rock glaciers, which can be obtained using geophysical methods. We examine benefits and limitations of diffusive electromagnetics, geoelectrics, seismics and ground-penetrating radar (georadar) for determining the depth and lateral variability of the active layer, the distributions of ice and water, the occurrence of shear horizons and the bedrock topography. In particular, we highlight new developments in data acquisition and data analysis that allow 2-D or even 3-D structures within rock glaciers to be imaged. After describing peculiarities associated with acquiring appropriate geophysical datasets across rock glaciers and emphasizing the importance of state-of-the-art tomographic inversion algorithms, we demonstrate the applicability of 2-D imaging techniques using two case studies of rock glaciers in the eastern Swiss Alps. We present joint interpretations of geoelectric, seismic and georadar data, appropriately constrained by information extracted from boreholes. A key conclusion of our study is that the different geophysical images are largely complementary, with each image resolving a different suite of subsurface features. Based on our results, we propose a general template for the cost-effective and reliable geophysical characterization of mountain permafrost.

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Section: Seismic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Maurer¹,

Hauck

2007

J. Glaciol.

128

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“…Relative benefits of conventional approaches are discussed elsewhere (e.g., Lankston, 1990;Palmer, 1980). Here, we examine an alternative approach, refraction tomography, which is not subject to these constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Methods and Available Software for Seismic Refraction Tomography Analysis

Sheehan

Doll

Mandell

2005

JEEG

149

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Seismic refraction tomography is an alternative to conventional seismic refraction analysis methods. While the limitations and potential pitfalls of conventional refraction methods are wellknown the same is not true for refraction tomography. As refraction tomography becomes more widely used, the need to know and understand its capabilities as well as its limitations becomes more critical. In this study we created eight representative models for use in evaluating three commercially available codes as well as refraction tomography in general. These models range from simple two-layer or dipping-layer problems to more complicated models designed to represent features of karst terrains. We demonstrate quantitatively and qualitatively that all three codes perform at a similar level, although each has strengths and weaknesses. Refraction tomography performs well in many situations where conventional methods fail, e.g., where lateral or vertical gradients compose a significant component of the velocity structure.

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“…The statics' correction method we applied is the diminishing residual matrices method (DRM) [Gulunay, 1985], because it showed better results than the delay time method (DLT) [Lawton, 1989;Hollingshead and Slater, 1979] or the generalized reciprocal method (GRM) [Palmer, 1980[Palmer, , 1986. In most cases, the first break was easy to pick because the ringiness of the signal was small.…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐surface fault detection using high‐resolution shear wave reflection seismics at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Australia

et al. 2016

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High‐resolution, near‐surface, shear wave reflection seismic measurements were carried out in November 2013 at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Victoria, Australia, with the aim to determine whether and, if so, where deeper faults reach the near subsurface. From a previous P wave 3‐D reflection seismic data set that was concentrated on a reservoir at 2 km depth, we can only interpret faults up to 400 m below sea level. For the future monitoring in the overburden of the CO2 reservoir it is important to know whether and how the faults continue in the subsurface. We prove that two regional fault zones do in fact reach the surface instead of dying out at depth. Individual first‐break signatures in the shot gathers along the profiles support this interpretation. However, this finding does not imply perforce communication between the reservoir and the surface in the framework of CO2 injection. The shear wave seismic sections are complementary to existing P wave volumes. They image with high resolution (better than 3 m vertically) different tectonic structures. Similar structures also outcrop on the southern coast of the Otway Basin. Both the seismic and the outcrops evidence the complex youngest structural history of the area.

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The Generalized Reciprocal Method of Seismic Refraction Interpretation

Cited by 234 publications

References 17 publications

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

Geophysical imaging of alpine rock glaciers

An Evaluation of Methods and Available Software for Seismic Refraction Tomography Analysis

Near‐surface fault detection using high‐resolution shear wave reflection seismics at the CO2CRC Otway Project site, Australia

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