The generalized forward-backward method for analyzing the scattering from targets on ocean-like rough surfaces

An Investigation on Numerical Characterization of Scattering From Target in a Dielectric Rough Soil Surface

“…For the targets and rough surface composite scattering, considerable contributions have been made and several methods have been presented during these years, such as MOM [14,15], parallel MOM [16], finite-element (FEM) method [17], finite difference time domain (FDTD) method [18], hybrid SPM/MOM technique [19], hybrid KA/MOM technique [20], hybrid PO/MOM technique [21], reciprocity theorem [22], Generalized forward-backward method (GFBM) [23,24], Mode-expansion method [25], fast iterative approach [26], bidirectional analytic ray tracing method [27], etc. Although the aforementioned numerical methods are of respective important advantages, but some of them are fast but not exact enough, or some of them are exact but not fast enough, therefore, it should be make sense in contributing efforts to investigate and attempt to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the adoptive scheme.…”

Application of the spectral acceleration forward-backward method for propagation over terrain

“…The FBM may not exhibit convergent behavior for surfaces where the Method of Moment (MoM) current elements are not numbered sequentially as a function of increasing x coordinate such as a ship or a large breaking wave on the ocean surface. The Generalized Forward-Backward Method (GFBM), which is a hybrid method based on a combination of the conventional FBM with MoM, was proposed to overcome this limitation in [26].…”

Bistatic Scattering From Rough Dielectric Soil Surface With a Conducting Object With Arbitrary Closed Contour Partially Buried by Using the FBM/Saa Method

“…The GFBM combines the conventional FBM with the Method of Moment (MoM), where the MoM is only applied to the region of the obstacle. Meanwhile, SAA has used to accelerate the GFBM, which was first described in [13] and [14], and was also implemented in [21] and [22]. The GFBM/SAA has been further achieved to calculate scattering from 1-D impedance rough sea surface with a conducting ship present at both horizontal and vertical polarization incident wave cases (call TE case and TM case later, respectively) at LGA [23].…”

“…If the curve is a multivalue function of x, for example, ship target on the sea surface (see Region 2a in Fig. 1), the aforementioned conventional FBM is not well tractable to have good convergence to the problem, but a new approach general FBM (GFBM) has been recently developed in [13], [21] and [22] to calculate scattering from the kind of composite rough surface consisting of a conducting ship target above PEC rough sea surface. The GFBM combines the conventional FBM with the Method of Moment (MoM), where the MoM is only applied to the region of the obstacle.…”

“…The GFBM/SAA asks for a high imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant to satisfy the impedance boundary condition. It should be pointed out that all the aforementioned GFBM/SAA [13,14,[21][22][23] haven't been used to calculate the kind of composite rough surface scattering problem, which is the rough surface with a closed contour of conducting object partially buried.…”