The general intelligence and spatial abilities of gifted young Belgian chess players

Frydman, Marcel; Lynn, Richard

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1992.tb02437.x

Cited by 96 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…One prominent finding from expertise research is that expert chess players tend to have an above average IQ (e.g., Frydman & Lynn, 1992;Horgan & Morgan, 1990), but that within chess expertise levels there is little relation between chess performance and intelligence (e.g., Doll & Mayr, 1987;Grabner, Neubauer, & Stern, 2006;Unterrainer, Kaller, Halsband, & Rahm, 2006;Waters, Gobet, & Leyden, 2002). This discrepancy is the content of our study (De Bruin, Kok, Leppink, & Camp, in press) and the core of our reply.…”

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confidence: 51%

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contrasting

confidence: 51%

It might happen in the very beginning. Reply to Ericsson

et al. 2014

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“…It would hardly have been a random sample of Russians, who at that time were predominantly peasants and factory workers. Some studies suggest a link between chess skill and IQ in children (Frydman & Lynn, 1992;Horgan & Morgan, 1990) and with some psychometric test scores in adults (Doll & Mayr, 1987;Grabner, Neubauer, & Stern, 2006;Grabner, Stern, & Neubauer, 2007). Some evidence (based on n 1) suggests that IQ score is not particularly important beyond 120: The news magazine Der Spiegel (1987) …”

Section: Chess As a Useful Test Domain For The Natural Talent Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in expertise development over decades in a complex intellectual domain

Howard

2009

Memory & Cognition

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Learners acquire expertise at different rates and reach different peak performance levels. Key questions arise regarding what patterns of individual differences in expertise development occur and whether innate talent affects such development. International chess is a good test domain for both issues, because it has objective performance measures, actual practice measures (number of games), longitudinal population data, and minimal gatekeeper influence. Players' expertise development typically follows either a logarithmic or a power-function curve, approaching asymptote by around 750 games. A comparison of eventual top players and other eventually well-practiced players typically reveals a performance difference at domain entry, which widens progressively with practice and then stays large and constant. The data show various correlated signs of apparent greater natural talent in eventual top players: precocity (indexed by entering the domain and gaining the grandmaster title much younger on average), faster acquisition of expertise (indexed by fewer years and games needed to gain the grandmaster title from domain entry), and a higher peak performance level after extensive actual practice. A factor analysis found evidence for an underlying natural talent factor that constrains ultimate performance level.

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“…Some researchers have examined the psychometric abilities involved in chess (see, e.g., Gobet, de Voogt, & Retschitzki, 2004). Some research suggests, for instance, that visuospatial ability, particularly the ability to manipulate visual representations, is important for chess performance (Frydman & Lynn, 1992). Chess imagery seems to differ according to skill level (Milojkovic, 1982;Saariluoma, 1991), and concurrent visuospatial tasks interfere strongly with intake of chess information (Saariluoma, 1992).…”

Section: Some Illustrative Examples Of Research Studies Using Chess Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete database of international chess players and chess performance ratings for varied longitudinal studies

Howard

2006

Behavior Research Methods

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Chess is an oft-used study domain in psychology and artificial intelligence because it is well defined, its performance rating systems allow easy identification of experts and their development, and chess playing is a complex intellectual task. However, usable computerized chess data have been very limited. The present article has two aims. The first is to highlight the methodological value of chess data and how researchers can use them to address questions in quite different areas. The second is to present a computerized database of all international chess players and official performance ratings beginning from the inaugural 1970 international rating list. The database has millions of records and gives complete longitudinal official performance data for over 60,000 players from 1970 to the present. Like a time series of population censuses, these data can be used for many different research and teaching purposes. Three quite different studies, conducted by the author using the database, are described.

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The general intelligence and spatial abilities of gifted young Belgian chess players

Cited by 96 publications

References 3 publications

It might happen in the very beginning. Reply to Ericsson

It might happen in the very beginning. Reply to Ericsson

Individual differences in expertise development over decades in a complex intellectual domain

A complete database of international chess players and chess performance ratings for varied longitudinal studies

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