The General Health Questionnaire and the Detection of Emotional Disorder by General Practitioners

Boardman, A P

doi:10.1192/bjp.151.3.373

Cited by 90 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The General Health Questionnaire 28, which was used in this study, focuses on coping mechanisms and is therefore an important prognostic tool. Roughly one quarter of our patients (n=4) returned questionnaires that were positive for depression, which compared quite favorably with a rate of >40% obtained in a large sample of patients attending general practitioners [6]. This confirms the finding of a previous study that depression does not seem to be a major problem in osteosarcoma survivors [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Impact of family structure on long-term survivors of osteosarcoma

Bressoud

Sarte²,

Stiefel³

et al. 2007

Support Care Cancer

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Osteosarcoma survivors will generally recover good functional performance. Only a minority of them remain seriously impaired. One third of the patients present depressive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder. Poor coping is closely associated with unbalanced family structures. Therefore, the psychological and familial situation of patients with newly diagnosed osteosarcoma should be carefully assessed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Impact of family structure on long-term survivors of osteosarcoma

Bressoud

Sarte²,

Stiefel³

et al. 2007

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“…18 Previous studies using the GHQ in doctors have shown 22% to 46% have features of 21 In this study we have shown that wellbeing was best after a holiday and that it deteriorated after a normal working week -especially after a week of nights. A GHQ-12 score of >3 is the threshold for high levels of psychological symptoms.…”

Section: Effect On Psychological Well-beingsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…18 Previous studies using the GHQ in doctors have shown 22% to 46% have features of depression and anxiety, 19,20 compared to 18% of the general working population. 21 In this study we have shown that wellbeing was best after a holiday and that it deteriorated after a normal working week -especially after a week of nights.…”

Section: Effect On Psychological Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Junior doctors and the full shift rota – psychological and hormonal changes: a comparative cross-sectional study

et al. 2006

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-We studied the hormonal and psychological effect of the full shift rota on junior doctors after implementation of the European Working Time Directive, using a comparative, crosssectional study design of male doctors in South Yorkshire. Cortisol and testosterone levels were measured and subjects completed the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the androgen deficiency in the aging male screening questionnaire (ADAM), after a week of holiday (baseline), a week of nights, and a normal working week. The results showed that cortisol levels decreased from 480.6±33.1 nmol/l at baseline (after a week of holiday), to 355.7±29.1 nmol/l post normal working week (p=0.003); to 396.7±32.5 nmol/l post nights (p=0.03). GHQ-12 scores increased from 0.5±0.3 at baseline, to 1.8±0.5 post normal working week (p=0.02) and to 2.3±0.5 post nights (p=0.005). These results suggest that there are still appreciable physiological consequences with new work patterns. KEY WORDS: hormones, junior physician, psychology ObjectivesHistorically junior doctors' training involved long working hours with little sleep overnight 1 and was recognized to be hazardous to both the doctor's and patient's health. [1][2][3] The association between long working hours and illness occurs largely as a result of stress, as doctors try to maintain performance levels with increasing fatigue. 4 Stress results in emotional, behavioral and psychological reactions, 5 such as anxiety, depression, increased consumption of alcohol, increased blood pressure and, in extreme cases, death, through suicide or cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that shift work is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease 6 and gastrointestinal disorders, 7 which are thought to be due to alterations in the circadian rhythm, following changes to the sleep-wake cycle. 8 Circadian adjustment takes time, being most rapid in the first 1-3 days 9 and during this period the subject experiences jet lag or desynchronosis. The most important consequence is reduced quantity and quality of sleep, 8,9 which has been linked to declines in both cognitive and psychomotor performance in junior doctors. 1 Human error is also more common during the night, as shown in the increase in single vehicle car crashes, due to drivers falling asleep at the wheel and driving off the road, which peak between 1 and 4am. 10 The effect of stress and shift work in doctors was first measured in 1971, 1 in a study of reporting errors on electrocardiographs. More recent studies have shown increased attentional failures 2 and an increase in serious medical errors 3 when doctors work frequent 24-hour shifts, as compared with shifts of a maximum 16 hours and reduced total hours worked per week.The evidence on the adverse effects of stress, long working hours and sleep deprivation in doctors led to the Government, doctor's representatives and NHS managers to agree the 'New Deal' in 1991. This improved junior doctors working conditions, by ensuring that the maximum contracted hours for a full shift...

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“…The earlier studies focussed mainly on ethnic group differences in GP consultation rates, certified sickness absence requests and the recognition rates of psychological distress in patients by GPs (e.g. Boardman, 1987;Johnson, Cross, & Cardew, 1983). However, although their general findings were consistent with significantly higher rates of GP consultations among persons of South Asian origin (especially Pakistani GP attenders), relative to those of Caribbean and Indian origin (see, e.g., Balarajan, Yuen, & Raleigh, 1989;Gillam, Jarman, White, & Law, 1989), there were several methodological problems with these studies.…”

Section: Service Utilization By Minority Ethnic Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical psychology service provision and ethnic diversity within the UK: a review of the literature

Williams

Turpin

Hardy

2006

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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There is substantial evidence to suggest that clinical psychology services are failing to meet the psychological and clinical needs of people from minority ethnic groups. This paper reviews current knowledge and understanding of factors that may be contributing to this, by examining the diversity of clinical psychology service provisions for minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom (UK). Research that focuses on the poor utilization of clinical psychology services by minority ethnic groups is identified, and this is related to the limitations offered by mainstream psychological services. References to developments from abroad are also included where they enhance understanding of the current situation affecting minority ethnic groups in the UK. The findings show that minority ethnic groups are generally marginalized and excluded from mainstream clinical psychology services on a number of different levels. These are often influenced by referral conventions, professional misunderstandings of psychological distress and an over-reliance on ethnocentric and eurocentric conceptual frameworks. Cultural factors are also implicated. This review illustrates that the profession needs to be more considerate in its provision of services for minority ethnic users and indelible steps taken to increase the accessibility and credibility of clinical psychology services to Black and other minority ethnic groups.

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The General Health Questionnaire and the Detection of Emotional Disorder by General Practitioners

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of family structure on long-term survivors of osteosarcoma

Impact of family structure on long-term survivors of osteosarcoma

Junior doctors and the full shift rota – psychological and hormonal changes: a comparative cross-sectional study

Clinical psychology service provision and ethnic diversity within the UK: a review of the literature

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