Abstract.-The nuculanid bivalve Costinuculana magharensis new genus new species is described from the middle to upper Bathonian Kehailia Formation of Gebel Maghara, North Sinai, Egypt. Costinuculana differs from other genera of the family Nuculanidae by the presence of opisthocline ribs along the rostrum. These ribs are variable in shape and size, straight to folded posteriorly, bifurcate ventrally and occasionally postero-dorsally, and cover an areã 45% of the total valve length from the posterior end. The life position of C. magharensis n. gen. n. sp. is reconstructed on the basis of a functional interpretation of its morphology and by comparison with closely related Recent forms. The asymmetrical commarginal ribs facilitated the burrowing process. The posterior oblique ribs are asymmetrical in cross-section with a steeply concave side in the burrowing direction and slightly convex side in the opposite direction. They probably kept the bivalve in a stable position once the desired depth had been reached. The thick oblique ribs probably also increased the strength of the rostrum and offered resistance against durophagous predators, being presumably partly exposed above the sediment-water interface. Based on the associated fauna, Costinuculana n. gen. lived in a low-energy environment characterized by a fine-grained, soft substrate.
IntroductionGebel Maghara is a dome-like structure covering~400 km 2 in the northern Sinai, 50 km south of the Mediterranean coast (Fig. 1). It comprises the thickest and most complete Jurassic outcrop in northern Sinai (1800 m;Al Far, 1966;Keeley, 1994). The Middle-Upper Jurassic succession of Gebel Maghara is well known for its rich and diverse macrobenthic fauna such as brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, ammonites, and corals. This fauna has been repeatedly studied from a taxonomic point of view (e.g., brachiopods: Farag, 1957Farag, , 1959 Farag and Gatinaud, 1960a, b;Feldman, 1987;Hegab, 1989Hegab, , 1991Feldman et al., 1991Feldman et al., , 2012 bivalves and gastropods: Douvillé, 1916, 1925;Hirsch, 1980; and ammonites: Arkell et al., 1952;Parnes, 1988). The most-recent studies dealing with the stratigraphy and paleoecology are given by Abdelhady (2014) and Abdelhady and Fürsich (2014, 2015a, b, c).The purpose of this paper is: (1) to describe the new bivalve taxon Costinuculana magharensis n. gen. n. sp. (order Nuculanida) from the Bathonian of Gebel Maghara and to compare it with similar taxa of the family Nuculidae; (2) to interpret the function of its oblique ribs, which cover an area up to~45% of total valve length from the posterior end and to reconstruct its autecology; and (3) to determine its paleoenvironmental setting on the basis of facies relationships and associated faunal elements.
Geologic settingThe Jurassic succession of Gebel Maghara represents a sequential development of continental and marine sediments, starting in the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) and lasting until the Kimmeridgian (Fig. 2). It represents a wide variety of continental, deltaic, nearshore-silici...