The gene expression and enzymatic activity of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase during wood formation in <i>Taiwania cryptomerioides</i> Hayata

Chiang, Nien-Ting; Ma, Li‐Ting; Lee, Yi-Ru; Tsao, Nai-Wen; Yang, Chih-Kai; Wang, Sheng-Yang; Chu, Fang-Hua

doi:10.1515/hf-2018-0026

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Chiang et al . found that the lignan synthesis‐related TcPLR gene of Taiwania cryptomerioides had a higher expression level in the phloem and cambium 43 . In our study, velvet ash could resist EAB larva infestation by up‐regulating FvPLR1 gene expression to increase lignan synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…The regulation of PLR gene expression, as well as potential reductase specificities for one reduction step, are important factors in fine‐tuning lignan synthesis 42,43 . A lariciresinol isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana has two annotated genes as PLR (PLR1 and PLR2), clearly demonstrating that lariciresinol is involved in enantiomeric control in lignan biosynthesis 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignans dramatically enhance the resistance of Fraxinus velutina Torr. by adjusting the dominant bacterium group of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Liu

Feng

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Velvet ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.) is an important wood and ornamental tree species. Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is a major wood borer of velvet ash. The aim of this study was to identify the secondary metabolites of velvet ash involved in regulating the dominant bacterium group of EAB. RESULTS The amount of lignans in the phloem of infested trees had increased by 290.96% because of A. planipennis infection. The addition of lignans to the artificial diet significantly reduced the weight of the larvae and decreased the dominant bacterial group in the larval midgut, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. The FvPLR1, a key gene for lignan synthesis, was obtained based on the phloem transcriptome of velvet ash. The expression of FvPLR1 in the phloem of the infested tree was significantly higher than that in the noninfested tree. Meanwhile, FvPLR1 silenced by virus‐induced gene silencing showed that its expression level and the lignan content were decreased by 69.91% and 31.65%, respectively. Interestingly, silencing FvPLR1 induced alterations in the dominant bacteria group in the larvae, with the reverse trend in the lignan‐fed treatment. CONCLUSION The evidence showed that FvPLR1 was a positive regulator. The increasing synthesis of lignans leads to resistance improvement in velvet ash, which will provide comprehensive insights into the tree defense system to wood borer infestation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignans dramatically enhance the resistance of Fraxinus velutina Torr. by adjusting the dominant bacterium group of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Liu

Feng

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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“…In the metabolic pathway of phenylalanine, a series of intermediates such as coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid are produced, which are then converted to lignans and other substances catalyzed by various enzymes. PAL, C4H, 4CL, and PLR are the most studied enzymes that play an important role in lignans biosynthesis ( Chiang et al., 2019 ; Vanholme et al., 2019 ), and these related to lignans biosynthesis pathway genes were identified in our RNA-seq data set. PAL catalyzes the first step of phenylalanine reaction and converts phenylalanine to cinnamic acid by deamination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chromosome-scale genome of Magnolia officinalis provides insight into the evolutionary position of magnoliids

et al. 2021

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Summary Magnolia officinalis , a representative tall aromatic tree of the Magnoliaceae family, is a medicinal plant that is widely used in diverse industries from medicine to cosmetics. We report a chromosome-scale draft genome of M. officinalis , in which ∼99.66% of the sequences were anchored onto 19 chromosomes with the scaffold N50 of 76.62 Mb. We found that a high proportion of repetitive sequences was a common feature of three Magnoliaceae with known genomic data. Magnoliids were a sister clade to eudicots-monocots, which provided more support for understanding the phylogenetic position among angiosperms. An ancient duplication event occurred in the genome of M. officinalis and was shared with Lauraceae. Based on RNA-seq analysis, we identified several key enzyme-coding gene families associated with the biosynthesis of lignans in the genome. The construction of the M. officinalis genome sequence will serve as a reference for further studies of Magnolia, as well as other Magnoliaceae.

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“…The types of induced programmed cell death (PCD) in Taiwania were analyzed based on Olvera−Carrillo and his coworkers' method [28], who introduced PCD−related genes, including 25 developmentally induced PCD−related genes, 27 biological factor−induced PCD−related genes, 27 osmotic pressure−induced PCD−related genes, and 30 genotoxicity−induced PCD−related genes, a total of 109 induced PCD−related genes by 82 experiments (Table S1). These gene sequences were then searched and compared to the transcriptome database of Taiwania established by Professor Chu's group [22,28,40]. We got each gene expression (FPKM) in developing xylem (DX), sapwood (SW), and transition zone (TZ) from the database.…”

Section: Analysis For Types Of Induced Programmed Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phytochemistry of Taiwania have been studied since the 1930s. More than hundreds of compounds with bioactivities have been identified from different parts of Taiwania [1,2,21,22]. Taiwania is the appropriate material for studying heartwood formation, due to it can easily distinguish the heart wood, sapwood wood, and transition zone according to the color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Savinin Triggers Programmed Cell Death of Ray Parenchyma Cells in Heartwood Formation of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata

Tsao,

Sun,

Chu

et al. 2023

Plants

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lignan biosynthesis and programmed cell death (PCD) of ray parenchyma cells during the heartwood formation of Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata). Since the PCD of ray parenchyma cells and the synthesis of lignans are the two main processes involved in the formation of heartwood, both of which need to be completed through gene regulation. Based on the results of genomics and bioinformatics analysis, that the PCD of tracheids are induced by genotoxic, and the PCD of ray parenchyma cells is induced by biological factors, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which could induce oxidative stress. According to the results of time−of−flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF−SIMS) analysis, lignans are produced in ray parenchyma cells, and the accumulation of savinin and its downstream lignans might be the cause of PCD in ray parenchyma cells. An in vitro experiment further confirmed that the accumulation of savinin could cause protoplasts of Taiwania’s xylem to produce taiwanin A, which is the marker of heartwood formation in Taiwania. Resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, which could induce oxidative stress in ray parenchyma cells and potentially lead to PCD. Based on these findings, we conclude that accumulation of savinin could be induced PCD of ray parenchyma cells in heartwood formation in Taiwania.

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The gene expression and enzymatic activity of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase during wood formation in Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

Lignans dramatically enhance the resistance of Fraxinus velutina Torr. by adjusting the dominant bacterium group of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

Lignans dramatically enhance the resistance of Fraxinus velutina Torr. by adjusting the dominant bacterium group of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire

The chromosome-scale genome of Magnolia officinalis provides insight into the evolutionary position of magnoliids

Savinin Triggers Programmed Cell Death of Ray Parenchyma Cells in Heartwood Formation of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata

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