The gene encoding the chicken chemokine K60 maps to chromosome 4

Hughes, Simon; Bumstead, Nat

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2000.00697.x

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the chicken a number of CXC and CC chemokines have been identified Hughes & Bumstead, 2000, Hughes et al, 2001. As in man, the CXC chemokine genes of the chicken are clustered on chromosome 4 Hughes & Bumstead, 2000). The chicken chemokine IL8/CAF appears to be the equivalent of mammalian IL-8 in the chicken.…”

Section: Il-8 and Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian cytokines in health and disease

Wigley

Kaiser

2003

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

119

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Cytokines are proteins secreted by cells that play an important role in the activation and regulation of other cells and tissues during inflammation and immune responses. Although well described in several mammalian species, the role of cytokines and other related proteins is poorly understood in avian species. Recent advances in avian genetics and immunology have begun to allow the exploration of cytokines in health and disease. Cytokines may be classified in a number of ways, but may be conveniently arranged into four broad groups on the basis of their function. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and interleukin-1beta play a role in mediating inflammation during disease or injury. Th1 cytokines, including interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma, are involved in the induction of cell-mediated immunity, whereas Th2 cytokines such as interleukin-4 are involved in the induction of humoral immunity. The final group Th3 or Tr cytokines play a role in regulation of immunity. The role of various cytokines in infectious and non-infectious diseases of chickens and turkeys is now being investigated. Although there are only a few reliable ELISAs or bioassays developed for avian cytokines, the use of molecular techniques, and in particular quantitative RT-PCR (Taqman) has allowed investigation of cytokine responses in a number of diseases including salmonellosis, coccidiosis and autoimmune thyroiditis. In addition the use of recombinant cytokines as therapeutic agents or as vaccine adjuvants is now being explored

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Section: Il-8 and Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian cytokines in health and disease

Wigley

Kaiser

2003

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

119

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“…Both chCXCLi1 and chCXCLi2 have the conserved ELR motif located upstream of the first cysteine residue. The genomic location of these two genes, which are adjacent, and their high sequence similarity suggest they have arisen as a duplication of an ancestral CXCL8 gene in the avian lineage (8,14,16). So far, a CXCL8 orthologue has yet to be identified in mouse and rat.…”

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Re-evaluation of Chicken CXCR1 Determines the True Gene Structure

Poh

Pease

Young

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The original report of chicken CXCR1 (Li, Q. J., Lu, S., Ye, R. D., and Martins-Green, M. (2000) Gene (Amst.) 257, 307-317) described it as a single exon gene, with two isoforms (differing in their start codon). In comparison with mammalian CXCR1, the reported chicken CXCR1 was longer at both the NH 2 and COOH termini, and it lacked the conserved (C/S)CXNP motif present in the last transmembrane region of all known chemokine receptors. A re-evaluation of chicken CXCR1, comparing known expressed sequence tags with the chicken genome sequence, suggested that the gene contains two exons. We isolated a cDNA corresponding to our prediction, which was significantly different in sequence to the reported CXCR1. In particular, there were three frameshifts in our sequence, compared with the reported sequence, that restored higher identity in the COOH-terminal half of the protein to mammalian CXCR1 (61% total amino acid identity compared with 52% for the reported CXCR1), restored the (C/S)CXNP motif, and gave a predicted protein of the same length as mammalian CXCR1. In human, CXCR1 is the receptor for CXCL8. In the chicken, there are two syntenic genes, CXCLi1 and CXCLi2, which look equally like orthologues of human CXCL8. We demonstrate that both of these chemokines are ligands for chicken CXCR1. We also demonstrate that heterophils express chicken CXCR1 and that the receptor is G␣ i protein-linked.CXC chemokines can be classified according to the presence of the tripeptide motif glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) in the NH 2 -terminal region before the first conserved cysteine. In mammals, ELR ϩ chemokines are specific for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (2), whereas ELR Ϫ chemokines attract a variety of leukocytes (3, 4). In mammals, ELR ϩ CXC chemokines bind to two receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, with different affinities. Both receptors are the principal expressed chemokine receptors on neutrophils.To understand the evolution of the chemokines and their receptors in concert with the evolution of different developmental and responsive modes of the immune system, the recently released chicken genome sequence (5) was used to catalogue a complete list of chicken chemokines and their receptors (6 -8). All four classes of chemokines were identified in the chicken genome, although the total number, 24, was fewer than identified in human (42) or mouse (35). For the homeostatic chemokines present, a clear orthologous relationship could be identified, suggesting conservation of function (8). However, for the inflammatory chemokines, the relationships between the chicken chemokines and their mammalian homologues remain unclear (8). All four classes of chemokine receptors were also identified in the chicken genome (8), again with a smaller total repertoire (13 genes) in the chicken as compared with mammals. Similarly to the chemokines, the homeostatic chemokine receptors had obvious mammalian orthologues, whereas the relationships between the inflammatory chemokine receptors remain unclear.In the absence of clear orthologous relation...

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The phylogeny of cytokines

Secombes¹,

Kaiser

2003

The Cytokine Handbook

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The gene encoding the chicken chemokine K60 maps to chromosome 4

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Avian cytokines in health and disease

Avian cytokines in health and disease

Re-evaluation of Chicken CXCR1 Determines the True Gene Structure

The phylogeny of cytokines

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