The gene diversity pattern of <i>Diplocarpon rosae</i> populations is shaped by the age, diversity and fungicide treatment of their host populations

Münnekhoff, A.-K.; Linde, Marcus; Debener, Thomas

doi:10.1111/ppa.12681

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Münnekhoff et al . () showed low gene diversities in D. rosae populations depending on the age and diversity of the host population and the application of fungicides. The conidia of D. rosae are distributed mainly through splash water; the distribution is therefore localized, which reduces the risk of the evolution of new races (Lühmann et al ., ), in contrast with fungi with airborne conidia (Debener and Byrne, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TNL gene Rdr1 confers broad‐spectrum resistance to Diplocarpon rosae

Menz

Straube

Linde

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Black spot disease, which is caused by the ascomycete Diplocarpon rosae, is the most severe disease in field-grown roses in temperate regions and has been distributed worldwide, probably together with commercial cultivars. Here, we present data indicating that muRdr1A is the active Rdr1 gene, a single-dominant TIR-NBS-LRR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat) (TNL)-type resistance gene against black spot disease, which acts against a broad range of pathogenic isolates independent of the genetic background of the host genotype. Molecular analyses revealed that, compared with the original donor genotype, the multiple integrations that are found in the primary transgenic clone segregate into different integration patterns in its sexual progeny and do not show any sign of overexpression. Rdr1 provides resistance to 13 different single-spore isolates belonging to six different races and broad field mixtures of conidia; thus far, Rdr1 is only overcome by two races. The expression of muRdr1A, the active Rdr1 gene, leads to interaction patterns that are identical in the transgenic clones and the non-transgenic original donor genotype. This finding indicates that the interacting avirulence (Avr) factor on the pathogen side must be widespread among the pathogen populations and may have a central function in the rose-black spot interaction. Therefore, the Rdr1 gene, pyramided with only a few other R genes by sexual crosses, might be useful for breeding roses that are resistant to black spot because the spread of new pathogenic races of the fungus appears to be slow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TNL gene Rdr1 confers broad‐spectrum resistance to Diplocarpon rosae

Menz

Straube

Linde

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…On the host side several studies addressed host resistance and a number of R-genes (resistance genes) were characterized [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], one of which was characterized as a TNL type resistance gene which mediates resistance against different isolates of the pathogen including DortE4 [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. An interesting aspect of the pathogen biology relates to observations that indicate a low mobility of new genetic variants within and between host populations most probably due to the spread of conidia via splash water [ 25 ]. This will make disease resistance management strategies based on single R-genes interacting with single avirulence (Avr) genes more useful compared to pathosystems with extremely mobile pathogens such as powdery mildews [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A draft genome sequence of the rose black spot fungus Diplocarpon rosae reveals a high degree of genome duplication

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBlack spot is one of the most severe and damaging diseases of garden roses. We present the draft genome sequence of its causative agent Diplocarpon rosae as a working tool to generate molecular markers and to analyze functional and structural characteristics of this fungus.ResultsThe isolate DortE4 was sequenced with 191x coverage of different read types which were assembled into 2457 scaffolds. By evidence supported genome annotation with the MAKER pipeline 14,004 gene models were predicted and transcriptomic data indicated that 88.5% of them are expressed during the early stages of infection. Analyses of k-mer distributions resulted in unexpectedly large genome size estimations between 72.5 and 91.4 Mb, which cannot be attributed to its repeat structure and content of transposable elements alone, factors explaining such differences in other fungal genomes. In contrast, different lines of evidences demonstrate that a huge proportion (approximately 80%) of genes are duplicated, which might indicate a whole genome duplication event. By PCR-RFLP analysis of six paralogous gene pairs of BUSCO orthologs, which are expected to be single copy genes, we could show experimentally that the duplication is not due to technical error and that not all isolates tested possess all of the paralogs.ConclusionsThe presented genome sequence is still a fragmented draft but contains almost the complete gene space. Therefore, it provides a useful working tool to study the interaction of D. rosae with the host and the influence of a genome duplication outside of the model yeast in the background of a phytopathogen.

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