The Gendered Representation of Refugees Using Visual Frames in the Main Western European Media

Amores, Javier J.; Calderón, Carlos Arcila; Domínguez, Beatriz González de Garay

doi:10.1007/s12147-020-09248-1

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the official statistics show that the actual migrant populations tend to be balanced in gender. That is in line with previous studies that found an under-representation of migrant women in journalistic photographs, news, or in other media (Amores et al, 2020;Collins, 2011;Jang et al, 2019;Lind and Meltzer, 2020;Mazières et al, 2021;Silva and Mendes, 2009). Table 2 presents the estimated gender distributions per group.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…They have found that young men, representing most asylum-seeking applicants, have repeatedly been characterized as inherently dangerous and persons to be feared. In their article about the representation of gender of migrants in refugeelike situations, Amores et al (2020) found that in terms of age, there were more female children (30%) than males (23.1%), more young males (37.4%) than females (12%), and only a small portion (4%) of elders were female.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stereotypes, disproportions, and power asymmetries in the visual portrayal of migrants in ten countries: an interdisciplinary AI-based approach

Olier

Spadavecchia

2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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The visual portrayal of social groups in media reinforces stereotypes and narratives, potentially leading to discriminatory actions and policies. That is particularly true for underrepresented or stigmatized groups such as migrants and is a phenomenon that varies per country. Therefore, studying the representation of migrants requires analyzing considerable amounts of visual data from different locations. This work addresses that challenge with an interdisciplinary approach characterizing the visual portrayal of migrants using Deep Learning techniques and analyzing results through the lenses of migration and gender studies. Images associated with migrants found on the internet through a search engine and from ten countries are processed to quantify and analyze the demographic and emotional information of the people portrayed. An intersectional approach is employed regarding gender, age, physical features, and emotions. The general group “migrants” is compared with the specific groups “refugees” and “expats”. Results suggest that portrayals predominantly focus on asylum seekers and associate them with poverty and risks for host societies. Moreover, the demographics in the portrayals do not match the official statistics. For expats, an over-representation of “white” and an under-representation of “asian” faces were found, while for migrants and refugees, depictions align with the demographics of low-skilled migrants. Furthermore, results evidence the power struggle underlying the “expat vs. migrant” dichotomy and its inherent colonial nature. The emotions displayed are predominantly negative and align with emotional and gender stereotypes literature. Positive emotions are more associated with women than men, and with expats than refugees and migrants. Previous results regarding the under-representation of migrant women in media are confirmed. Also, women are portrayed as younger than men, and expat women are the youngest. Children appear more in pictures associated with refugees and migrants than with expats. Likewise, migrants are often depicted as crowds, but when that is not the case, migrant and refugee women appear in larger groups than men. A higher proportion of images associated with expats do not contain people. All these effects, however, differ per location. Finally, we suggest future directions and analyze possible limitations of automatic visual content analysis using existing Deep Learning models.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotypes, disproportions, and power asymmetries in the visual portrayal of migrants in ten countries: an interdisciplinary AI-based approach

Olier

Spadavecchia

2022

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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“…There was no portrayal of Syrian women refugees as threats. This finding fits with the previous studies (Amores et al, 2020) and it seems to be a positive finding initially. However, the absence of portrayals of Syrian women as threats is also linked to their underrepresentation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…About the representation of women refugees in the media, studies commonly point at the problem of underrepresentation (Amores et al, 2020) and marginalisation of refugee women (Alhayek, 2014), as it happens to be the case for the representation of women in general (Ross and Carter, 2011;Humprecht and Esser, 2017;Global Media Monitoring Project, 2020, p. 5). In their study of the representation of women refugees in five western European countries between 2013 and 2017, Amores et al ( 2020) reveal the differences in the portrayals of male and female refugees.…”

Section: Framing Refugees In the Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Exclusion of Women Refugees in Public Imagination: Underrepresentation and Depersonalisation

Pandır

2022

Ortadoğu Ve Göç

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This paper studies the news images of Syrian women refugees and the representational practices employed in them to question how these portraying practices position women refugees, and in so doing how they act as a support or barrier for their social acceptance and inclusion in the host community. Analysed are the newspaper photographs of Syrian women refugees published in top-selling four Turkish newspapers in 2015. Using a content analysis fed by visual analysis, the ways of visually portraying women refugees is studied by investigating the representational elements and practices in the images, which are subject, theme, camera distance, camera angle and location. The findings reveal that Syrian women refugees are underrepresented and in the rare cases of their appearance, the way they are portrayed position them as distant, passive and depersonalised subjects as part of the masses. The underrepresentation and depersonalisation of women refugees, who are among the vulnerable women group 1) erase the individual life stories and varied lived experiences of women refugees from public imagination and deny the female refugee agency, 2) prevent the emergence of the public talk on the women refugee problems, which in turn 3) prevent the formation of a social understanding and empathy towards women refugees. Thus, it is argued that the ways in which Syrian women refugees are portrayed in the media act as barriers for their social inclusion.

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“…Otros estudios han abordado la temática de los refugiados disgregando el estudio por género, es el caso de Amores et al (2020), quienes concluyen que la imagen de las mujeres refugiadas es como agentes pasivos en las imágenes publicadas por los medios.…”

Section: Para Definir Qué Es Materials Racista Y Xenófobo Recurrimos ...unclassified

El discurso de odio en Twitter durante la crisis migratoria de Ceuta en mayo de 2021

Román-San-Miguel

García

Jiménez-Zafra

2022

icono14

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Este trabajo analiza el discurso de odio en los mensajes publicados en Twitter desde el 17 al 25 de mayo de 2021 durante la crisis producida por la entrada de miles de inmigrantes en la frontera del Tarajal en Ceuta. El objetivo de la investigación es realizar una clasificación temática de los mensajes que incluyen discurso de odio. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología mixta y como resultado se han podido diferenciar seis temas, de los cuales cuatro se centran más en temas políticos, suponiendo el 80% de los mensajes, y solo el 20% de ellos se refieren a racismo e inmigración. Además, se han detectado hasta cinco campañas de origen desconocido. Este trabajo concluye que los discursos de odio se centran más en temas políticos que en la propia problemática de la inmigración, sus causas, sus consecuencias y las posibles soluciones.

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The Gendered Representation of Refugees Using Visual Frames in the Main Western European Media

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Stereotypes, disproportions, and power asymmetries in the visual portrayal of migrants in ten countries: an interdisciplinary AI-based approach

Stereotypes, disproportions, and power asymmetries in the visual portrayal of migrants in ten countries: an interdisciplinary AI-based approach

Social Exclusion of Women Refugees in Public Imagination: Underrepresentation and Depersonalisation

El discurso de odio en Twitter durante la crisis migratoria de Ceuta en mayo de 2021

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