The Gendered Impact of Rural Road Improvement on Schooling Decisions and Youth Employment in Morocco

Sustainability of Rural Road Development: A Case Study on Woro Village Kepohbaru District Bojonegoro Region

“…Numerous research projects have been carried out to bolster sustainable development as the cornerstone of eco-friendly laws and procedures. Among these are the instances in that women participate in decision-making (Wahyuni et al, 2023), safeguarding the environment with wastewater (Mukwarami & Poll, 2023), preventing urban collapse and enhancing it's quality (Moita et al, 2021) and undertaking actions like forest management to protect the environment (Gautam et al, 2021;Paudel & Paudel, 2021), establish a connection with sustainable development (Tuwu & Arsyad, 2021), farming (Paudel & Paudel, 2021;Rachmansyah et al, 2023) sustainability (Adeoye et al, 2021), infrastructure sustainability (Rachmansyah et al, 2019), replenishable energy (Serag & Adil, 2021) Research on the sustainability evaluation of rural road development is relatively new since it considers more than just one aspect of road construction, as was done in earlier environmental studies (Bella et al, 2019;Edward et al, 2019;Eremina, 2018;Giunta, 2023), Social factors include choices about education, gender roles, and young employment (Shimamura et al, 2023), road safety (Gaber et al, 2023) as well as local economy (Wan et al, 2022), accessibility (Nissanka & Gunasekara, 2023), economy of agriculture (Lu et al, 2023) industry or sector (Pillabhotla et al, 2023), commerce, travel, and logistics (Saidi et al, 2020). The five pillars of sustainable development namely environmental, social, economic, institutional management, and law enforcement are presented in this study as a more all-encompassing strategy.…”

On the inclusiveness of rural road improvement: Evidence from Morocco

“…Furthermore, using the dataset explained in detail below, we confirm that there is no systematic pattern for asset value and consumption per capita of households depending on the start and end year of road improvement, implying that the priority of the road improvement project is not necessarily based on economic growth potential.6 This definition follows the national definition of rural road accessibility.7 All villages were sampled if the number of villages in the catchment area was less than five. The same dataset was investigated byShimamura et al (2023).8 To detect selection into attrition, we regressed a binary variable to take 1 for those that dropped off and 0 otherwise on the covariates at the household level and found that no coefficients are statistically significant. We also found that there is no significant difference in the outcome variables between those that dropped off and those that did not.…”

“…7 7 All villages were sampled if the number of villages in the catchment area was less than five. The same dataset was investigated by Shimamura et al (2023). …”