“…There is research outlining structural, societal, and cultural asymmetries within the musical performing industry, and music education. Both of these areas continue to mediate inequalities driven by binary distinctions of gender (Connell and Messerschmidt, 2005), specific stereotyping within genres (Bowers and Tick, 1986;Steiblin, 1995;Tucker, 2000;Macleod, 2001;McGee, 2008), masculine tropes of strength and dominance in jazz performance, and modes of learning via often combative and competitive 'cutting contests' (Berliner, 2009). Little wonder then, that jazz remains a male dominated field (Ake, 2002;Caudwell, 2010;Dobson, 2010), and despite recent improving of participation numbers, females remain a minority in the field of jazz (Gibson, 2006;McKeage, 2011).…”