The Gender Mobility Paradox: Gender Segregation and Women’s Mobility Across Gender-Type Boundaries, 1970–2018

Torre, Margarita; Jacobs, Jerry A.

doi:10.1177/08912432211046328

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The second stream of mobility research relevant to our analysis examines the effects of intragenerational mobility on gender segregation ( 34 ). This line of research, which has a long history ( 35 ), examines how women and men move in and out of the labor force over their career, how women and men move in and out of gender-typed occupations over their career, and how such mobility has gendered sources (e.g., sexual harassment, gender discrimination, and the “second shift”).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The intergenerational sources of the U-turn in gender segregation

Grusky

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the early 1970s, the balkanization of the US labor market into “men’s occupations” and “women’s occupations” began to unravel, as women entered the professions and other male-typed sectors in record numbers. This decline in gender segregation continued on for several decades but then suddenly stalled at the turn of the century and shows no signs of resuming. Although the stall is itself undisputed, its sources remain unclear. Using nearly a half-century of data from the General Social Survey, we show that a resurgence in segregation-inducing forms of intergenerational transmission stands behind the recent stall. Far from serving as impartial conduits, fathers are now disproportionately conveying male-typed occupations to their sons, whereas mothers are effectively gender-neutral in their transmission outcomes. This segregative turn among fathers accounts for 47% of the stall in the gender segregation trend (between 2000 and 2018), while the earlier integrative turn among fathers accounts for 34% of the initial downturn in segregation (between 1972 and 1999). It follows that a U-turn in intergenerational processes lies behind the U-turn in gender segregation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The intergenerational sources of the U-turn in gender segregation

Grusky

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Recent research within the sociology of work has posed a fundamental question: why do gendered inequalities in work persist even as women enter formerly male‐dominated occupations? Torre (2017) and Torre and Jacobs (2021) argue that high rates of female attrition from traditionally male occupations serve to reproduce over time gendered inequalities in paid public work. For the first time we test whether this insight also applies to unpaid public work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender inequalities in unpaid public work: Retention, stratification and segmentation in the volunteer leadership of charities in England and Wales

Clifford

2023

British Journal of Sociology

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While gender inequalities in employment (paid public work) and domestic and reproductive labour (unpaid private work) are a prominent focus within the sociological literature, gender inequalities in volunteering (unpaid public work) have received much less scholarly attention. We analyse a unique longitudinal dataset of volunteer leaders, that follows through time every individual to have served as a board member (trustee) for a charity in England and Wales between 2010 and 2023, to make three foundational contributions to our understanding of gender inequalities in unpaid public work. First, the salience of vertical gender stratification and horizontal gender segmentation in trusteeship shows that gendered inequalities in work extend to public work in general—encompassing unpaid public work, and not only paid public work. In terms of gender segmentation, we find that women are over‐represented as trustees in a small number of fields of charitable activity but under‐represented across the majority of fields. In terms of gender stratification, we find that women are under‐represented on the boards of the largest charities; under‐represented as chairs of trustee boards; and particularly under‐represented as chairs of the largest charities. Second, the dynamics underlying gendered differences in unpaid public work, which show higher rates of resignation for women trustees, resonate with research on paid employment which emphasises the importance of attrition to an understanding of how gendered inequalities in work are reproduced. This means that increasing the retention of women, not only the recruitment of women, becomes central to the policy agenda. Third, we show that there has been a decline in gender stratification and gender segmentation in trusteeship since 2010. This decline over time in gendered inequalities in unpaid public work provides an interesting counterpoint to influential research documenting a ‘stall’ in the reduction of gendered inequalities in paid employment.

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“…Finally, the right bottom plot represents women by occupational sex composition. Occupational desegregation has been a major trend in the U.S. labor market in the last decades (Torre, 2018; Torre & Jacobs, 2021). In 1980, male-dominated fields harbored approximately 45 percent of the working population, while 22 percent worked in neutral jobs, and the rest (∼33%) were employed in female-dominated occupations.…”

Section: Women's Attitudes Toward Union Trades Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Women in the New Labor Activism: Gender Trends in Attitudes Toward Unions

Torre

2023

Work and Occupations

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The gender gap in union membership rates has narrowed considerably in the last decades. How is this change related to women's attitudes toward unions? What is the profile of women who support union activism? Are there reasons to believe that women's support will continue to increase over time? Using data from the General Social Survey, I examine women's attitudes toward trade unions between 2002 and 2021. Data shows that support for unions is higher among non-white, less-educated, and younger women, as well as among women employed in female-dominated occupations. I conclude by discussing the implications of the findings for current and future labor activism.

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The Gender Mobility Paradox: Gender Segregation and Women’s Mobility Across Gender-Type Boundaries, 1970–2018

Cited by 7 publications

References 52 publications

The intergenerational sources of the U-turn in gender segregation

The intergenerational sources of the U-turn in gender segregation

Gender inequalities in unpaid public work: Retention, stratification and segmentation in the volunteer leadership of charities in England and Wales

Women in the New Labor Activism: Gender Trends in Attitudes Toward Unions

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