The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): A new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale

Rio, Domenico; Sprovieri, Rodolfo; Castradori, Davide; Stefano, Enrico Di

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i2/002

Cited by 143 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The GSSP of the Gelasian Stage was ratified in 1996 as base of Upper Pliocene stage, and in 2009 as base of Pleistocene and Quaternary (Rio et al . ; Gibbard & Head ). The base of the Gelasian is defined in the Monte San Nicola section (Italy) at 62 m, in coincidence with the base of the marly layer overlying sapropel MPRS 250 and correlative with the isotopic stage 103 (2.588 Ma; GTS12).…”

Section: Overview Of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

Agnini

Monechi

Raffi

2017

LET

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Calcareous nannofossils are considered one of the most powerful biostratigraphical tool in marine carbonate sediments especially in open ocean settings. Their origination goes at least as far back as the Triassic (ca. 220 Ma) when they first biomineralized and produced calcite skeletons. Since then, they have evolved rapidly showing widespread biogeographical distributions. Starting from the 1950s, changes in calcareous nannofossil assemblages have been used to date rocks and sediments and a fundamental step was achieved two decades later with the publication of the first comprehensive biostratigraphical schemes. Standardized quantitative counting methods, unambiguous taxonomy as well as highly resolved data sets provide high-quality biostratigraphical datums which, in turn, result in the precise positioning of calcareous nannofossil biohorizons and in the construction of reliable biostratigraphical frameworks. Here, we use recently published Cenozoic biozonations as a framework to present an overview of the calcareous nannofossil biohorizons which are used in chronostratigraphy to denote Cenozoic Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point

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Section: Overview Of Cenozoic Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

Agnini

Monechi

Raffi

2017

LET

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“… Note: Within the text we have followed Rio et al. ’s (1998) recommendation of incorporating the Gelasian Age (2.6–1.8 Ma) within the Pleistocene, thus yielding a Pliocene/Quaternary limit at 2.6 Ma. …”

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confidence: 99%

A reconstruction of Palaeo-Macaronesia, with particular reference to the long-term biogeography of the Atlantic island laurel forests

Fernández‐Palacios

Nascimento

Otto

et al. 2010

Journal of Biogeography

327

336

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Macaronesia is a biogeographical region comprising five Atlantic Oceanic archipelagos: the Azores, Madeira, Selvagen (Savage Islands), Canaries and Cape Verde. It has strong affinities with the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the north‐western fringes of Africa. This paper re‐evaluates the biogeographical history and relationships of Macaronesia in the light of geological evidence, which suggests that large and high islands may have been continuously available in the region for very much longer than is indicated by the maximum surface area of the oldest current island (27 Ma) – possibly for as long as 60 million years. We review this literature, attempting a sequential reconstruction of Palaeo‐Macaronesia from 60 Ma to the present. We consider the implications of these geological dynamics for our understanding of the history of colonization of the present islands of Macaronesia. We also evaluate the role of these archipelagos as stepping stones and as both repositories of palaeo‐endemic forms and crucibles of neo‐endemic radiations of plant and animal groups. Our principal focus is on the laurel forest communities, long considered impoverished relicts of the Palaeotropical Tethyan flora. This account is therefore contextualized by reference to the long‐term climatic and biogeographical history of Southern Europe and North Africa and by consideration of the implications of changes in land–sea configuration, climate and ocean circulation for Macaronesian biogeography. We go on to provide a synthesis of the more recent history of Macaronesian forests, which has involved a process of impoverishment of the native elements of the biota that has accelerated since human conquest of the islands. We comment briefly on these processes and on the contemporary status and varied conservation opportunities and threats facing these forests across the Macaronesian biogeographical region.

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“…In lithologic cycle 77 at the base of the sampled section, Castradori et al [1998] defined the GSSP of the Piacenzian stage. Finally, the sapropel at the top of the section (lithologic cycle A5) can be correlated to the Nicola bed of the Monte San Nicola section, in which the GSSP of the Gelasian was defined [ Rio et al , 1998].…”

Section: Punta Piccola Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper we present the results of a high‐resolution (∼1 sample/700 years) quantitative study of the planktonic foraminifera assemblage collected from the Punta Piccola section which is unit stratotype for the Piacenzian stage [ Hilgen et al , 2006], since at its base the global standard stratotype‐section and point (GSSP) of the Piacenzian stage [ Castradori et al , 1998] was defined and the base of the Gelasian stage (correlated to the “Nicola bed” in the Monte S. Nicola section [ Rio et al , 1998]) is present at the top.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astronomic forcing on the planktonic foraminifera assemblage in the Piacenzian Punta Piccola section (southern Italy)

Sprovieri

Caruso

et al. 2006

Paleoceanography

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A high‐resolution quantitative analysis of the calcareous planktonic assemblages (planktonic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils) at the Punta Piccola section (at the base of which, the global standard stratotype‐section and point of the Piacenzian stage is defined) provided a more accurate biostratigraphy for the Mediterranean middle Pliocene (2.6–3.6 Ma). In particular, an astronomically calibrated age of 2.87 Ma was estimated for the Pliocene first occurrence of Neogloboquadrina atlantica instead of the younger previously proposed age of 2.72 Ma. Spectral analysis performed on the Globigerinoides species (spp.) planktonic foraminifera assemblage along with cross‐spectral analysis between the same record and the astronomic target curve La(041,1) calculated for the summer season (June–July) at 65°N provided solid evidence that the Globigerinoides spp. group of planktonic species is a reliable recorder of orbital forcing and can be appropriately used for astronomical tuning of marine sedimentary records. The same procedures of spectral analysis were applied to the individual species that constitute the Globigerinoides spp. group (G. ruber, G. obliquus, and G. quadrilobatus), thus resolving their different frequency structures and species‐specific response to the different astronomic periodicities. Whereas G. obliquus and G. quadrilobatus appear primarily controlled by precession, G. ruber is largely forced by obliquity. Small ecological differences, mainly related to dissimilar food quality requirements, were assumed to distinctively control the time distribution of the two groups of species. Precessionally forced oligotrophic conditions in the surface Mediterranean waters, induced by summer continental runoff, led to a dominance of copepods‐based dietary, typical of G. quadrilobatus. Conversely, obliquity cycles drove the abundance distribution of G. ruber in the sea surface waters of the Mediterranean, influencing the sea surface temperature, light intensity, and/or phytoplankton distribution. Sub‐Milankovitch periodicities (cycles ∼1500, 2500, 3000, and 4500 years long) are reliably detected in the faunal records, suggesting that millennial‐scale variability punctuated the Mediterranean climate regime during the interval of the middle Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation.

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The Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene): A new unit of the global standard chronostratigraphic scale

Cited by 143 publications

References 27 publications

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy: historical background and application in Cenozoic chronostratigraphy

A reconstruction of Palaeo-Macaronesia, with particular reference to the long-term biogeography of the Atlantic island laurel forests

Astronomic forcing on the planktonic foraminifera assemblage in the Piacenzian Punta Piccola section (southern Italy)

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