The Gastroprotective Effect of Small Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Walnut (Juglans regia L.) against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats

Abstract

The study investigated the protective effect of walnut oligopeptides (WOPs) against ethanol-induced gastric injury using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups based on body weight (10/group), normal group, ethanol group, whey protein group (220 mg/kg body weight), omeprazole group (20 mg/kg body weight), and three WOPs groups (220, 440, 880 mg/kg body weight). After 30 days of treatment with WOPs, rats were given 5 mL/kg absolute ethanol by gavage to induce gastric mucosal injury. Gastric ulcer index (GUI) were determined and the following measured; gastric content pH, gastric mucin, endogenous pepsinogens (PG), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress indicators, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of WOPs. The results showed that the administration with WOPs markedly mitigated the hemorrhagic gastric lesions caused by ethanol in rats, and decreased the GUI, the gastric content pH, PG1, PG2, and NO levels, enhanced mucin and PGE2. Also, WOPs repressed gastric inflammation through the reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and increase IL-10 levels, and revealed antioxidant properties with the enhancement of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase activity, while reduction of malondialdehyde. Moreover, WOPs treatment significantly down-regulated Bax, caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) expression, while up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibitor kappa Bα (IκBα) protein. These results indicated that WOPs have protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis mechanisms.

Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role

“…The anti-ulcer and gastroprotective effects of drugs, natural phytochemicals, and herbs have been commonly assessed using an ethanol-induced gastric lesion rodent model ( Simoes et al, 2019 ). Alcohol intubation causes depletion of the gastric wall mucosal barrier via ROS and cytokine upregulation, which lead to oxidative-stress-induced damage ( Abdel-Salam et al, 2001 ; Liu et al, 2020 ). In the present investigation, ethanol intubation caused severe oxidative-stress-induced damage in rats with ethanol-induced ulcers; this was consistent with previous literature.…”

Protective effect againstd‐gal‐induced aging mice and components of polypeptides and polyphenols in defatted walnut kernel during simulated gastrointestinal digestion

“…Liu et al. (2020) indicated that walnut oligopeptides have protective effects against ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal injury in vivo through anti‐inflammatory, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis mechanisms. Chen et al.…”

Rutaecarpine Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice by Modulating Genes Related to Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

“…Several in vitro studies acknowledged positive effect of RUT in peritoneal resident macrophages (Li et al, 2019), monocytes (Liu et al, 2016), osteoclast (Fukuma et al, 2018), HepG2 cells (Jin et al, 2017;Surbala et al, 2020) and Hepa-1c1c7 cells (Lee et al, 2012). Meanwhile, RUT has shown versatile beneficial effects on several experimental models, such as colitis (Zhang et al, 2020), atherosclerosis (Luo et al, 2020, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (Han et al, 2019), hypertension (Ma et al, 2019), Acute kidney injury (Liu et al, 2020a;Liu et al, 2020b), type 2 diabetic (Surbala et al, 2020), Alzheimer's disease (Ahmad et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2020) and so on. Notably, RUT exerted definite anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis effects in several experimental pathology with the signaling of NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, Bcl-2/Bax pathways (Jin et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019a;Li et al, 2019b;Han et al, 2019).…”