The gaseous metabolism of striated muscle in warm‐blooded animals

Verzár, F.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1912.sp001514

Cited by 63 publications

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“…A. V. Hill's views are similar(,), but with the fturther addition that in the case of muscle, the small molecules formed as a result of the excitatory process are supposed to act in a physical manner in producing the state of local tension. Verziira8 from a study of the gaseous metabolism of striated muscle arrives at the same conclusions, namely, that the oxygen is not used during the contraction process, but for subsequent restitutive processes, the absorption of oxygen lasting long after the contraction process, just as the heat production lasts long after the contraction, as shown by A. V. Hill Reference has been made above to the observations of Barcroft and co-workers (15), (16), (18) that the process of oxygen absorption may be more or less dissociated from that of carbon dioxide production. This independence of the two processes, absorption of oxygen and evolution of carbon dioxide, is well shown in some of the experiments.…”

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confidence: 74%

The gaseous metabolism of the heart and lungs

Evans¹

1912

The Journal of Physiology

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confidence: 74%

The gaseous metabolism of the heart and lungs

Evans¹

1912

The Journal of Physiology

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“…so this method is hardly applicable to dilute solutions. Verzar (19) estimated the amount of lactic acid appearing in the blood of an animal after stimulation of certain muscles by the changes produced in the 0 2 dissociation curve of the blood. Barr, Himwich and Green (20) attempted to correlate the observed measurements of lactic acid with the fall in the carbon dioxide capacity of the blood, but found variations which were rather large and probably due to the presence of formed elements (corpuscles) in the blood, with consequent membrane equilibria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen.—Parts ӏ-ӏӏӏ

Hill

Long

Lupton

1924

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

236

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In a recent paper under the general title of this series A. V. Hill and Lupton (1) gave a preliminary account of experiments made on man, in an attempt to press to its logical conclusion the physico-chemical view of muscular contraction arrived at by the investigation of the isolated muscle. The present series of papers contains a more adequate account of these experiments, which are still in progress. ( a ) The “ Initial ” Process . In the isolated muscle the complete cycle of contraction and relaxation, as distinguished from recovery, appears to be accompanied by no chemical change of any importance, other than the conversion of glycogen into lactic acid, and the subsequent neutralisation of the latter (2) (4). These “ initial ” phases of muscular activity are entirely non-oxidative in character (3), and the following “ balance sheet ” (Table I) shows that, if any other chemical changes do actually occur, they are negligible from the energy standpoint.

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“…The venous outflow from the muscle was isolated as described by Verzar (1912). To avoid contamination by blood the gastrocnemius was separated from the deep muscles of the lower leg and ligatures were placed round both leads of the muscle and its tendon.…”

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Vasodilatation in the tongue and its relationship to plasma kinin formation

Hilton¹,

Lewis²

1958

The Journal of Physiology

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The blood flow through the tongue, like that through the submandibular gland, is greatly increased on stimulation of the chordolingual nerve, the response being produced by parasympathetic efferent fibres of the chorda tympani (Heidenhain, 1883;Machol & Schilf, 1928; Erici & Uvnais, 1952). The vasodilatation in the salivary gland has recently been shown to be mainly due to formation in the tissue spaces of a plasma kinin similar to bradykinin as a result of activation of the gland by the secretomotor fibres and of release of a plasma kinin-forming enzyme from the gland cells (Hilton & Lewis, 1955 a, b). The present experiments show that this enzyme is also released from the tongue on chordolingual stimulation. METHODSThe experiments were performed on cats under pentobarbitone (40 mg/kg) anaesthesia.Experiment8 on the tongue. All branches of both external jugular veins were tied, except the submental veins. These were cannulated with polythene tubing, joined by a Y-piece to form a common return, for registration of venous outflow or collection of perfusate. When measuring venous outflow, the blood was passed through a photo-electric drop-counting chamber, registered by the Gaddum drop-timer and then returned into the right jugular vein. Blood pressure was registered from a cannula in a femoral artery. For perfusion experiments the carotid artery on the right side of the neck was prepared by ligation of all branches apart from the lingual, and the main trunk of the carotid was cannulated distal to the origin of the lingual branch so that the lingual artery could be perfused. When perfusion was started, a clamp was placed on the trunk central to the lingual branch. The left lingual artery was tied. Special precautions were taken to ensure that the perfusate was free from blood, because it was not possible to isolate the venous outflow from the tongue even if ligatures were tied round all the soft tissues of the neck below the tongue. In some experiments the animal's blood pressure was reduced by bleeding to 30-40 mm Hg, but as the blood pressure would sometimes rise again quite sharply blood would reappear in the perfusate. In most experiments, therefore, the animal was killed when perfusion was started.Both lingual and both hypoglossal nerves were cut and the distal ends fixed in fluid electrodes for stimulation. The lingual nerve was stimulated by square waves of 0-5 msec duration at 10/sec, and the hypoglossal nerve by square waves of 0-1 msec duration at 40/sec.

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The gaseous metabolism of striated muscle in warm‐blooded animals

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

The gaseous metabolism of the heart and lungs

The gaseous metabolism of the heart and lungs

Muscular exercise, lactic acid, and the supply and utilisation of oxygen.—Parts ӏ-ӏӏӏ

Vasodilatation in the tongue and its relationship to plasma kinin formation

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