The garlic allelochemical DADS influences cucumber root growth involved in regulating hormone levels and modulating cell cycling

Ren, Kaili; Qi, Xiaofang; Liu, Tao; Hayat, Sikandar

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.007

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Seeds primed with AGE for 1 and 6 h showed an overall improved response; however, exposure to a higher concentration for a longer time (12 h) subdued germination indices. These findings agree with the previously reported inhibitory effects of higher concentrations of garlic chemicals on the seed germination and growth of cucumber and tomato [28,31]. The biochemical composition of garlic, such as starch content, vitamins, saponins, and traces of minerals, seems to have a positive influence on the emerging tomato seedlings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, the abundance was higher in seedlings germinating under the direct influence of these chemicals than under seed priming or volatile application, an indication of the close association of garlic chemicals with auxin biosynthesis. Previously, DADS was shown to allelopathically improve root growth, as well as mitotic cellular division and expansion, through regulation of auxin in cucumber and tomato seedlings [28,31], thus supporting the current results. Auxin is considered central to a myriad of aspects of plant growth and responses, both on a cellular and a whole-plant level [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Plant hormone levels of auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (ZR), and gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the methods described by Ren et al (2018) [31]. To extract plant hormones, 0.5 g of each sample was weighed, quick-frozen, and pulverized.…”

Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Analysis (Elisa) For Hormonal Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The qPCR used was EvaGreen 2× qPCR Master Mix (abm, made in Canada), according to the manufacturer's guidelines, and the instrument used was an Applied Biosystems Step One Real-Time PCR System (iQ5, Bio-Rad, USA). Data analysis was carried out using the 2 −∆∆Ct method and the levels of gene expression relative to the water control [31]. For each gene analysis, three biological replicates were performed.…”

Section: Relative Expression Of Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms during Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Tomato as Influenced by Garlic Allelochemicals

et al. 2020

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The effects of aqueous garlic extracts (AGEs), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and allicin (AAS) were investigated during seed-to-seedling transition of tomato. Independent bioassays were performed including seed priming with AGE (0, 100, and 200 µg∙mL−1), germination under the allelochemical influence of AGE, DADS, and AAS, and germination under volatile application of AGE. Noticeable differences in germination indices and seedling growth (particularly root growth and fresh weights) were observed in a dose-dependent manner. When germinated under 50 mM NaCl, seeds primed with AGE exhibited induced defense via antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content (MDA)), and H2O2 scavenging. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) of the endogenous phytohormones auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (ZR), and gibberellic acid (GA3) in the roots and shoots of the obtained seedlings and the relative expression levels of auxin-responsive protein (IAA2), like-auxin (LAX5), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK7 and MPK2), respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH1), CHI3 and SODCC1 suggested allelopathic functions in stimulating growth responses. Our findings suggest that garlic allelochemicals act as plant biostimulants to enhance auxin biosynthesis and transportation, resulting in root growth promotion. Additionally, the relative expressions of defense-related genes, antioxidant enzymes activities and phytohormonal regulations indicate activation of the defense responses in tomato seedlings resulting in better growth and development. These results, thus, provide a basis to understand the biological functions of garlic allelochemicals from the induced resistance perspective in plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Analysis (Elisa) For Hormonal Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative Expression Of Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms during Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Tomato as Influenced by Garlic Allelochemicals

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies found that DADS can also regulate tomato root growth by affecting cell division, endogenous phytohormone levels, expansin gene expression and the pathways of tomato root sulphate assimilation and glutathione (GSH) metabolism [7,14]. Besides, a low concentration DADS is able to promote cucumber root growth and induce main root elongation by up-regulating the expression of CsCDKA and CsCDKB genes and regulating adjusting the hormone balance of roots [15]. However, the effect of DADS on scavenging of cucumber reactive oxygen species (ROS) has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Allelopathy of Green Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Volatiles on Scavenging of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Reactive Oxygen Species

et al. 2019

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Garlic and formulations containing allicin are used widely as fungicides in modern agriculture. However, limited reports are available on the allelopathic mechanism of green garlic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and its component allelochemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate VOCs of green garlic and their effect on scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cucumber. In this study, green garlic VOCs were collected by HS-SPME, then analyzed by GS-MS. Their biological activity were verified by bioassays. The results showed that diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the main allelochemical of green garlic VOCs and the DADS content released from green garlic is approximately 0.08 mg/g. On this basis, the allelopathic effects of green garlic VOCs in vivo and 1 mmol/L DADS on scavenging of ROS in cucumber seedlings were further studied. Green garlic VOCs and DADS both reduce superoxide anion and increase the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide of cucumber seedlings. They can also regulate active antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD), antioxidant substances (MDA, GSH and ASA) and genes (CscAPX, CsGPX, CsMDAR, CsSOD, CsCAT, CsPOD) responding to oxidative stress in cucumber seedlings.

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The mechanism of coumarin inhibits germination of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and its application as coumarin–carbon dots nanocomposites

Yang

Ran

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: As an important plant allelochemical, coumarin can effectively inhibit the germination of various seeds. However, little is known about the inhibition mechanism of coumarin on weed seed germination. Moreover, the herbicidal activity of coumarin is needed to be improved as a natural pesticide. RESULTS: Coumarin had the highest inhibition effect on the ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed, where coumarin disturbed the hormone pathway by decreasing the content of gibberellic acid 3, resulting in the reduction of amylase activity and consumption of starch during the germination process of ryegrass seed. Moreover, coumarin induced decreased activity of catalase and subsequently led to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, causing oxidative stress during the germination process of ryegrass seed. Furthermore, to enhance the herbicidal activity of coumarin, carbon dots (CDs) modified with polyetherimide were prepared, characterized, and then combined with coumarin to form coumarin-carbon dots (Cm-CDs) nanocomposites. Compared with coumarin, Cm-CDs nanocomposites significantly increased the herbicidal activity of coumarin on ryegrass, which implies that Cm-CDs nanocomposites could be used as a potential formulation to improve the herbicidal activity of coumarin.CONCLUSION: This study not only reveals the mechanism of coumarin on ryegrass germination, but also develop Cm-CDs nanocomposites to enhance the herbicidal activity of coumarin. Our findings will stimulate the application of Cm-CDs nanomaterials as an effective and environmentally friendly formulation in agriculture.

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The garlic allelochemical DADS influences cucumber root growth involved in regulating hormone levels and modulating cell cycling

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Some Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms during Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Tomato as Influenced by Garlic Allelochemicals

Some Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms during Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Tomato as Influenced by Garlic Allelochemicals

Identification and Allelopathy of Green Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Volatiles on Scavenging of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Reactive Oxygen Species

The mechanism of coumarin inhibits germination of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and its application as coumarin–carbon dots nanocomposites

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