The Garamantes of Fezzan Revisited: publishing the C.M. Daniels archive

Edwards, David; Hawthorne, John; Dore, J. N.; Mattingly, David

doi:10.1017/s026371890000282x

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…After an early reconnaissance in 1958, visiting Murzuq and parts of the Wadi al-c Utba, Daniels devoted the field season of 1968 to a reconnaissance survey of the southern oases, publishing a brief note on his results (Daniels 1989, 58-9). However, during the preparation of his archives for full publication (Edwards et al 1999) it has proved possible to elaborate on his brief published note and construct a much more extensive, albeit preliminary, gazetteer of sites in the region, drawing particularly on a series of aerial photographs which cover substantial parts of the southern oases. Some mapping was plotted from these by Daniels in the late 1960s, mainly at a scale of 1:20,000, and they were reviewed in 2000.…”

Section: Archaeology In the Southern Oasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The archaeology of the southern Fazzan and prospects for future research

Edwards

2001

Libyan stud.

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Since the beginning of archaeological fieldwork in the Fazzan in the 1930s, the focus of research has remained mainly on the Wadi al-Ajal/Wadi al-Hayat and the ‘Garamantes’. While recent work in the Ghat region has identified ‘Garamantian’ sites much further west than previously known, in the Wadi Tanezzuft, very little is known of other parts of the region, notably the southern oases and their towns with their rich medieval and post-medieval heritage.While preparing materials from the Charles Daniels archive for publication, a brief review of the archaeology of the southern Fazzan identified some 130 sites in the region. While detailed studies are still lacking, there was clearly a significant ‘Garamantian’ presence in many of the southern oases, with several sites in the Wadi an-Nashwa, a significant settlement at Ghuddwa and further cemeteries in the Dujal area and probably at Tsawah. Despite Daniels' reservations, it is clear that a large settlement at Sharaba dated back to the Garamantian period. There is little evidence from the major towns to the east, although Roman imports found at Zuwila suggest that it was at least integrated into ‘Garamantian’ trade networks. Some indications of potentially significant cultural differences between Garamantian remains found in this region and those of the Wadi al-Ajal were also noted.The potential for medieval and post-medieval archaeology in the region is also very considerable, with the presence of numerous qsur and other settlement sites which await systematic recording. The presence of some groups of foggaras in the region is also of interest and these certainly merit further investigation.

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Section: Archaeology In the Southern Oasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The archaeology of the southern Fazzan and prospects for future research

Edwards

2001

Libyan stud.

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“…We had thought that a mudbrick tower and associated settlement adjacent to the Germa to al-Greifa road (GER 009) was a good candidate for this missing site, though the nineteenth-century travellers describe a substantial walled settlement. Air-photographic analysis by David Edwards, researching the Daniels archive (Edwards et al 1999), had suggested a possible alternative location slightly to the northwest and on investigation this proved to be the case. The remains of a substantial set of mud brick fortifications (towers?)…”

Section: Field Survey and Survey Of Standing Structures Field Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fezzan Project 2001: Preliminary report on the fifth season of work

et al. 2001

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“…The majority of these related to the extensive cairn cemeteries which line the escarpment edge, but also included wadi settlements of Garamantian and later periods, including many medieval and post-medieval gsur, Joggard' systems, as well as a small number of prehistoric sites and locations with rock drawings. New digitised maps of all located sites were also prepared, based on Daniels' original survey maps (Edwards et al 1999). Some additional material was prepared relating to sites outside the wadi, notably in the Gasr Mara and Gasr esc-Scheraba area to the south, in the Wadi Bergiug.…”

Section: The Gazetteer Of Sites In the Wadi Al-agial (Al-hayat) (De mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular interim reports on the current project have been submitted to Libya Antiqua, whilst shorter reports have appeared in Libyan Studies (Mattingly et al 1997(Mattingly et al , 1998a(Mattingly et al , 1998b(Mattingly et al , 1999a(Mattingly et al , 1999b. The work on the Daniels' archive, with funding provided by the Leverhulme Trust and the British Academy, is discussed by Edwards et al (1999). (NB, ND, SM, KW) During this field season we have continued to gather samples for absolute dating (Optically Stimulated Luminescence and Uranium/Thorium), geochemical and sedimentological analysis in order to gain a greater understanding of Late Quaternary environmental change in the Fezzan.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Fezzan Project 2000: Preliminary report on the fourth season of work

Mattingly

al-Mashai²,

Balcombe

et al. 2000

Libyan stud.

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The fourth season of the Fezzan Project continued the interdisciplinary approaches of previous seasons. Geographical and environmental work focused principally in sampling sediments for scientific dating and with integrating ground observation with remote sensing data. Excavations continued at Old Germa, where the site has now reached Garamantian levels. In a separate development, the tentative identification has been made of an early mosque at the site, in an area adjacent to the G1 excavation trench. Substantial results were gained from work aimed at enhancing the important data recorded by Charles Daniels in his earlier excavations and survey in the Wadi al-Hayat. The enhancement of the Daniels' survey archive was integrated with completion of the wider prospection being undertaken by the new project. This survey included fieldwalking, standing building survey, analysis of the foggara irrigation systems and recording of rock art scenes. Finds work comprised the finalisation of a pottery type series for the Germa area, the study of small finds from the recent survey work, botanical analysis and completion of lithics recording. A programme of radiocarbon dating is now being undertaken to improve the phasing of sites and monuments. The first two volumes of final reports are now in preparation.

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The Garamantes of Fezzan Revisited: publishing the C.M. Daniels archive

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

The archaeology of the southern Fazzan and prospects for future research

The archaeology of the southern Fazzan and prospects for future research

The Fezzan Project 2001: Preliminary report on the fifth season of work

The Fezzan Project 2000: Preliminary report on the fourth season of work

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