The GALα1–4GAL-Binding Adhesin of Streptococcus Suis, A Gram-Positive Meningitis-Associated Bacterium

Haataja, Sauli; Tikkanen, K; Hytönen, Jukka; Finne, Jukka

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0415-9_3

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Thus, the initial step in colonization, bacterial adherence, is crucial for development of a carrier state ( Brassard et al, 2004 ). First studies on adhesins of S. suis were published in the early 1990s ( Haataja et al, 1993 , 1994 , 1996 ; Tikkanen et al, 1995 , 1996 ). In recent years, we learnt much more about mechanisms of adherence and tissue tropisms of S. suis , though we still do not know precisely what adhesins are essential for infection.…”

Section: The Commensal “Face” Of S Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

et al. 2018

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Streptococcus (S.) suis is a frequent early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. In fact, it is difficult to find S. suis-free animals under natural conditions, showing the successful adaptation of this pathogen to its porcine reservoir host. On the other hand, S. suis can cause life-threatening diseases and represents the most important bacterial cause of meningitis in pigs worldwide. Notably, S. suis can also cause zoonotic infections, such as meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other diseases in humans. In Asia, it is classified as an emerging zoonotic pathogen and currently considered as one of the most important causes of bacterial meningitis in adults. The “two faces” of S. suis, one of a colonizing microbe and the other of a highly invasive pathogen, have raised many questions concerning the interpretation of diagnostic detection and the definition of virulence. Thus, one major research challenge is the identification of virulence-markers which allow differentiation of commensal and virulent strains. This is complicated by the high phenotypic and genotypic diversity of S. suis, as reflected by the occurrence of (at least) 33 capsular serotypes. In this review, we present current knowledge in the context of S. suis as a highly diverse pathobiont in the porcine respiratory tract that can exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory processes and invasive diseases in pigs and humans.

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Section: The Commensal “Face” Of S Suismentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

et al. 2018

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“…Suilysin, the extracellular protein factor, along with a muramidase-released protein have also been shown to be linked to, but not essential for, the full virulence of S. suis [21]. GapdH [22], Enolase [23], [24], Fibronectin/Fibrinogen-binding protein [25], HAM1 [26] and Adhesion [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32] have been shown to be involved in S. suis adherence and virulence. Serum opacity-like factor [33], D-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acid [34], Peptidoglycan GlcNAc deacetylase [35], IgA protease [36], [37], TroA [38], SodA [39], SsFHB [40] and Subtilisin-like serine protease [41], [42], [43] are also considered to be related to S. suis virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HP0197 Contributes to CPS Synthesis and the Virulence of Streptococcus suis via CcpA

et al. 2012

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Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent, has greatly challenged global public health. The encoding proteins with unknown functions the bacterium encodes are an obstruction to studies of the pathogenesis. A novel surface protective antigen HP0197 is one of these proteins which have no sequence homology to any known protein. In the present study, the protein was determined to be involved in bacterial virulence through an evaluation of the isogenic mutant (Δhp0197) in both mice and pigs. The experimental infection also indicated that Δhp0197 could be cleared easily during infection, which could be attributed to the reduced thickness of the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) and the significantly reduced phagocytotic resistance. Microarrays-based comparative transcriptome analysis suggested that the suppressed expression of the operon responsible for CPS synthesis might be reversed by CcpA activity, which controlled global regulation of carbon catabolite through the binding of the CcpA and HPr-Ser-46-P to the catabolite-responsive elements (cre) of the target operons. The hypothesis was approved by the fact that the purified FLAG-tagged HPr from WT stain exhibited a higher binding activity to cre with CcpA compared to the Δhp0197 by the Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, suggesting lower level of phosphorylation of the phosphocarrier protein HPr at residue Ser-46 (HPr-Ser-46P) in Δhp0197. These indicated that HP0197 could enhance CcpA activity to control the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and CPS synthesis, thus contributing to the virulence of S. suis.

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“…Polysaccharide capsule has been considered essential for the virulence of the bacterium [17,18], and other factors, such as suilysin, the so-called extracellular protein factor and muramidase-released protein have been shown to be linked to, but not essential for the full virulence of S. suis [19]. GapdH[20], Enolase[21,22], FbpS[19], Adhesin [23-27] have been proved to be involved in the adherence and virulence of S. suis . Recently, serum opacity-like factor [28], IgA1 protease[29], D-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acid [30] and pgdA [31] were identified as important factors in S. suis virulence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of swine spleen to Streptococcus suis infection revealed by transcription analysis

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2010

BMC Genomics

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AstractBackgroundStreptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent, has greatly challenged global public health. Systematical information about host immune response to the infection is important for understanding the molecular mechanism of diseases.Results104 and 129 unique genes were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated in the spleens of pigs infected with SS2 (WT). The up-regulated genes were principally related to immune response, such as genes involved in inflammatory response; acute-phase/immune response; cell adhesion and response to stress. The down-regulated genes were mainly involved in transcription, transport, material and energy metabolism which were representative of the reduced vital activity of SS2-influenced cells. Only a few genes showed significantly differential expression when comparing avirulent isogenic strain (ΔHP0197) with mock-infected samples.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that highly pathogenic SS2 could persistently induce cytokines mainly by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway, and the phagocytosis-resistant bacteria could induce high level of cytokines and secrete toxins to destroy deep tissues, and cause meningitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, endocarditis, and arthritis.

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The GALα1–4GAL-Binding Adhesin of Streptococcus Suis, A Gram-Positive Meningitis-Associated Bacterium

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

Streptococcus suis – The “Two Faces” of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract

HP0197 Contributes to CPS Synthesis and the Virulence of Streptococcus suis via CcpA

Response of swine spleen to Streptococcus suis infection revealed by transcription analysis

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