The G-box: a ubiquitous regulatory DNA element in plants bound by the GBF family of bZIP proteins

Menkens, Anne E.; Schindler, Ulrike; Cashmore, Anthony R.

doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(00)89118-5

Cited by 363 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There might be a DNA element and a cognate-binding factor for each distinct phase, but it seems more likely that additional information provided by the promoter context modulates activity at the CBS and EE. Combinatorial regulation of promoter activity is well established in light-regulated gene expression (Menkens et al, 1995;Puente et al, 1996;Chattopadhyay et al, 1998) and combinatorial interactions might contribute to the specification of circadian phase-specific promoter activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Specific Circadian Clock Regulatory Elements in Arabidopsis

2002

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We have defined a minimal Arabidopsis CATALASE 3 (CAT3) promoter sufficient to drive evening-specific circadian transcription of a LUCIFERASE reporter gene. Deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis reveal a circadian response element, the evening element (EE: AAAATATCT), that is necessary for evening-specific transcription. The EE differs only by a single base pair from the CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1-binding site (CBS: AAAAAATCT), which is important for morning-specific transcription. We tested the hypothesis that the EE and the CBS specify circadian phase by site-directed mutagenesis to convert the CAT3 EE into a CBS. Changing the CAT3 EE to a CBS changes the phase of peak transcription from the evening to the morning in continuous dark and in light-dark cycles, consistent with the specification of phase by the single base pair that distinguishes these elements. However, rhythmicity of the CBS-containing CAT3 promoter is dramatically compromised in continuous light. Thus, we conclude that additional information normally provided in the context of a morning-specific promoter is necessary for full circadian activity of the CBS.The circadian clock enables an organism to specifically partition aspects of its biology to precise times over the day (Dunlap, 1999). Although the circadian clock is, by definition, endogenous and continues to run in the absence of external time cues, environmental stimuli such as light and temperature act to entrain the internal processes of an organism both to the exact external daily period and in a defined relationship, or phase angle, to the diurnal cycle. For example, in Arabidopsis, light and temperature information are integrated to partition physiological activities such as circadian-regulated leaf movement, stomatal opening, and gene expression to distinct times of day or phases (McClung et al., 2002).A central theme that has emerged in circadian biology is that the core oscillator is composed of a negative feedback loop grounded in positive and negative transcriptional regulation (Dunlap, 1999). It has recently been demonstrated that the Arabidopsis circadian clock entails such a transcriptional feedback loop (Alabadí et al., 2001) that includes at least three components: TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1; also called Arabidopsis PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 1, APRR1; Millar et al., 1995;, CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1; Wang and Tobin, 1998), and LATE ELON-GATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY; Schaffer et al., 1998).CCA1 and LHY are single-Myb domain transcription factors, and DNA-binding activity of CCA1 to a CCA1-binding site (CBS: AAAAATCT) has been characterized (Wang et al., 1997). The hypothesized role of TOC1 as a transcription factor is based on similarity to CONSTANS, although DNA binding by TOC1 has not been experimentally established (Strayer et al., 2000). However, TOC1 (APRR1) has been shown to bind to PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3), a Myc-related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, and to the related PIF3-LIKE 1 (PIL1; Makino et al., 2002). Expression o...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Specific Circadian Clock Regulatory Elements in Arabidopsis

2002

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“…the general transcription machinery (for a review, see Tjian and Maniatis, 1994). Regulatory elements with the core sequence CACGTG, called G-boxes, were first identified in the tomato rbcS-3A promoter (Giuliano et at., 1988), and have subsequently been found in the promoters of other light-regulated genes as well as the promoters of genes which respond to other stimuli, such as the Arabidopsis ADHgene and the wheat Em gene (for review, see Menkens et aL, 1995;Terzaghi and Cashmore, 1995). Nucleotides flanking the core sequence vary in different promoters, and these differences affect GBF binding (Foster et aL, 1994;Niu and Guiltinan, 1994;Schindler et al, 1992b;Williams et aL, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular localization of GBF proteins and blue light‐induced import of GBF2 fusion proteins into the nucleus of cultured Arabidopsis and soybean cells

1997

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SummaryThe G-box is an important regulatory element found in the promoters of many different genes. Four members of an Arabidopsis gene family encoding basic leucine zipper proteins (GBFs) which bind the G-box have previously been cloned. To study GBFs, a polyclonal antibody was raised against GBF1 expressed in bacteria. This antibody also recognized GBF2 and GBF3. Immunoblot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions from Arabidopsis and soybean (SB-M) cell cultures indicated that over 90% of proteins detected with anti-GBF1 were cytoplasmic. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that over 90% of G-box binding activity was cytoplasmic. DNA affinity chromatography demonstrated that each protein detected with anti-GBF1 specifically bound the G-box. To study individual GBFs, DNA constructs fusing GBF1, GBF2 and GBF4 to GUS were made and assayed by transient expression in SB-M protoplasts. Of GUS:GBF1 proteins, 50-62% were localized in the cytoplasm under all conditions tested, while 97% of GUS:GBF4 was localized in the nucleus. By contrast, whereas about 50% of GUS:GBF2 was found in the cytoplasm of dark-grown cells, over 80% of this protein was found in the nucleus in cells cultured under blue light. Deletion analysis of GBF1 identified a region between amino acids 112 and 164 apparently required for cytoplasmic retention. These results suggest the intriguing possibility that limitation of nuclear access may be an important control on GBF activity. In particular, GBF2 is apparently specifically imported into the nucleus in response to light.

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“…G box promoter motifs are predicted in the promoter of UPM1. These cis elements are binding sites for G box binding factors (GBF), a family of bZIP transcription factors involved in gene regulation in the major developmental or physiological processes and respond to light or hormones (Menkens et al 1995). Both the G box motif and the GATA motif alone and in combination confer higher reporter gene expression in light grown seedlings as compared to dark grown seedlings (Puente et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis and photoregulation of siroheme biosynthesis genes: uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase and sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase of Arabidopsis thaliana

Garai

Joshi

Tripathy

2016

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Uroporphyrinogen III methyl transferase (UPM1) and Sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase (SIRB) are the important genes involved in the biosynthesis of siroheme, the prosthetic group of nitrite reductases (NiR) and sulfite reductases (SiR) involved in nitrogen and sulfur assimilation. Both UPM1 and SIRB could be potential candidate genes targeted for sustainable agriculture especially in N-deficient soil. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are highly conserved among algae, bryophytes and vascular plants including dicots and monocots. The Arabidopsis proteins UPM1 and SIRB have close similarity with Camelina sativa followed by Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea of the family brassicaceae. The tissue specific expression studies revealed that both the gene are expressed in stem, flower and silique and have highest expression in leaves where the protein content is quite high. The in silico promoter analysis revealed the presence of several light-responsive elements like GATA box, G box, I box, SORLIP2, SORLIP5, SORLREP3 and SORLREP4. Therefore, expression of both the genes was minimal in etiolated seedlings and was upregulated in light. Photo-regulation of transcript abundance of UPM1 and SIRB involved in the biosynthesis of siroheme the cofactor involved in 6 electron reduction of NO 2 -and SO 3 2-by NiR and SiR is crucial as the gene expression of latter two enzymes along with other N and S assimilatory enzymes are also modulated by light.

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The G-box: a ubiquitous regulatory DNA element in plants bound by the GBF family of bZIP proteins

Cited by 363 publications

References 35 publications

Phase-Specific Circadian Clock Regulatory Elements in Arabidopsis

Phase-Specific Circadian Clock Regulatory Elements in Arabidopsis

Intracellular localization of GBF proteins and blue light‐induced import of GBF2 fusion proteins into the nucleus of cultured Arabidopsis and soybean cells

Phylogenetic analysis and photoregulation of siroheme biosynthesis genes: uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase and sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase of Arabidopsis thaliana

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