The future of X-ray holography

Real-Space Imaging of Atomic Structure with White X Rays

“…The small numerical apertures of x-ray lenses limit the resolution to at best 10 nm, and thus the atomic resolution x-ray microscope is not feasible [1]. A lensless approach such as a point-projection microscope [2] is limited by the finite size of the x-ray source, which in order to accomplish high magnification has to be brought close to the object. X-ray diffraction methods, on the other hand, can be used only for crystals and, in addition, the so called phase problem makes the direct inversion of the diffracted intensities from reciprocal to real space impossible.…”

“…Equation (2) neglects the attenuation of the scattered waves. For monochromatic illumination, i.e., N͑k͒ d͑k 2 k 0 ͒, Eq.…”

Tabletop soft x-ray holography with sub-200-nm spatial resolution

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] A significant improvement arose with the development of highly coherent compact soft X-ray (SXR) table top sources that allow now the implementation of imaging systems with nanometer-scale resolution that fit on a table-top. [10][11][12] In recent experiments we used a high spatial resolution photoresist usually utilized in electron beam lithography for the recording of a large numerical aperture (NA) holograms [13,14].…”

XUV digital in-line holography using high-order harmonics

“…To get the real hologram in H we just make a scale change using Eq. (11). The reconstruction algorithm is based on the same idea.…”

“…A few promising experiments have been performed, using, in particular, digital holographic techniques in the XUV [5,9] and X-ray range [10][11][12][13]. Bartels et al [5] used a very simple setup, where an object was placed directly in a harmonic beam, containing harmonics of orders 17 through 23.…”