“…18 Hayle's point of departure may be seen in Mathew Fuller's work on Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop, which studies how particular software constrains or enables text. 19 To Fuller, a Microsoft document or a Photoshop image are specific outputs of software, distinctive from some document or some image. An accompanying research program would study the effects of (software) features, as Lev Manovich also points to in his work on the specificity of computer media.…”
Section: Follow the Medium: The Digital Methods Research Programmentioning
“…18 Hayle's point of departure may be seen in Mathew Fuller's work on Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop, which studies how particular software constrains or enables text. 19 To Fuller, a Microsoft document or a Photoshop image are specific outputs of software, distinctive from some document or some image. An accompanying research program would study the effects of (software) features, as Lev Manovich also points to in his work on the specificity of computer media.…”
Section: Follow the Medium: The Digital Methods Research Programmentioning
“…The interpretation of Islam by individuals, nations and cultures is different than Islam itself for it can be interpreted in many different ways. Political Islam is a particular form of interpretation which aims to establish a political structure (Fuller, 2003). The supporters of this ideology desire to create an Islamic state which is governed by the Sharia.…”
Section: Political Islammentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Political Islam stands for the ideology that Islam as a body of faith has something important to say about how politics and society should be ordered in the contemporary Muslim world and who seeks to implement this idea in some fashion (Fuller, 2003). It pursues political objectives and provides political responses to today's problems by concepts borrowed from the Islamic tradition (Denoeux, 2002).…”
Islam has been interpreted by individuals since its birth and Political Islam is one of them. Moderate Muslim Scholars have identified some of its interpretations as extreme due to their consequences and negative effects on Muslims and others. Political Islam has a long history and the Justice and Development Party (the AKP) is a new face of it in 21 st Century. The purpose of this paper is to explore the defining political Islam, especially in the characteristics of the Ruling Party (Justice and Development Party) and compare its Islam to Hizmet (service) Movement. Although the AKP has long benefitted from the valuable support of Fethullah Gülen and his followers in the way of democratizing the state and its institutions the two allies have clearly separated from each other since 2013 maybe a little bit earlier. This separation has created a massive impact on Muslims as well as on other people. Due to a great polarization, hatred and enmity between the two groups and its huge effect on society it has become a necessity to analyze the interpretation of Islam by these two groups.
“…In most Islamic countries, religion and politics are closely interconnected [33]. Similarly, before Tibet became a de facto part of the PRC, the Dalai Lama was a religious as well as a political leader in the region.…”
Section: The Intertwined Cross-strait Complexmentioning
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