The Future of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents

Minton, Laura E.; Pandit, Renu; Willoughby, WR; Porter, Kristin K.

doi:10.37549/ar2790

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…CEST contrast MRI: CEST contrast MRI uses compounds containing exchangeable protons or molecules in concentrations too low to be visualized using standard MR imaging, with gadolinium substituted by alternative metals, such as manganese, lanthanides, or iron-based agents[ 66 , 67 ]. CEST agents can be diamagnetic or paramagnetic[ 68 ].…”

Section: Imaging Methods In Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis conundrum - current and future scenarios: A proposed comprehensive approach combining laboratory, imaging, and computing advances

Merchant¹,

Shaikh²,

Nadkarni³

2022

WJR

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat, with the rise of multiple and extensively drug resistant TB posing additional challenges. The International health community has set various 5-yearly targets for TB elimination: mathematical modelling suggests that a 2050 target is feasible with a strategy combining better diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines to detect and treat both latent and active infection. The availability of rapid and highly sensitive diagnostic tools (Gene-Xpert, TB-Quick) will vastly facilitate population-level identification of TB (including rifampicin resistance and through it, multi-drug-resistant TB). Basic-research advances have illuminated molecular mechanisms in TB, including the protective role of Vitamin D. Also, Mycobacterium tuberculosis impairs the host immune response through epigenetic mechanisms (histone-binding modulation). Imaging will continue to be key, both for initial diagnosis and follow-up. We discuss advances in multiple imaging modalities to evaluate TB tissue changes, such as molecular imaging techniques (including pathogen-specific positron emission tomography imaging agents), non-invasive temporal monitoring, and computing enhancements to improve data acquisition and reduce scan times. Big data analysis and Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, notably in the AI sub-field called “Deep Learning”, can potentially increase the speed and accuracy of diagnosis. Additionally, Federated learning makes multi-institutional/multi-city AI-based collaborations possible without sharing identifiable patient data. More powerful hardware designs - e.g. , Edge and Quantum Computing- will facilitate the role of computing applications in TB. However, “Artificial Intelligence needs real Intelligence to guide it!” To have maximal impact, AI must use a holistic approach that incorporates time tested human wisdom gained over decades from the full gamut of TB, i.e. , key imaging and clinical parameters, including prognostic indicators, plus bacterial and epidemiologic data. We propose a similar holistic approach at the level of national/international policy formulation and implementation, to enable effective culmination of TB’s endgame, summarizing it with the acronym “TB - REVISITED”.

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Section: Imaging Methods In Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis conundrum - current and future scenarios: A proposed comprehensive approach combining laboratory, imaging, and computing advances

Merchant¹,

Shaikh²,

Nadkarni³

2022

WJR

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“…There is a clinical precedence of Mn-based MRI contrast agents. The complex manganese-dipyridoxal diphosphate (Mn-DPDP, mangafodipir) was marked for liver scans but its use was discontinued due to poor clinical performance and low sales. , Mn-DPDP underwent spontaneous dissociation in the bloodstream, and liver enhancement following Mn-DPDP injection is predominantly due to hepatocellular accumulation of de-chelated Mn(II) ions. More recently, a novel manganese porphyrin agent termed Mn-TriCP-PhOEt has been developed to target OATP1, while displaying high relaxivity due to the presence of a water co-ligand in either axial position .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Suite of Gadolinium-Free OATP1-Targeted Paramagnetic Probes for Liver MRI

McRae,

Cleary,

DeRoche

et al. 2023

J. Med. Chem.

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Five amphiphilic, anionic Mn(II) complexes were synthesized as contrast agents targeted to organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters (OATP) for liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Mn(II) complexes are synthesized in three steps, each from the commercially available trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CDTA) chelator, with T 1-relaxivity of complexes ranging between 2.3 and 3.0 mM–1 s–1 in phosphate buffered saline at an applied field strength of 3.0 T. Pharmacokinetics were assessed in female BALB/c mice by acquiring T 1-weighted images dynamically for 70 min after agent administration and determining contrast enhancement and washout in various organs. Uptake of Mn(II) complexes in human OATPs was investigated through in vitro assays using MDA-MB-231 cells engineered to express either OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 isoforms. Our study introduces a new class of Mn-based OATP-targeted contrast that can be broadly tuned via simple synthetic protocols.

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The Future of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Tuberculosis conundrum - current and future scenarios: A proposed comprehensive approach combining laboratory, imaging, and computing advances

Tuberculosis conundrum - current and future scenarios: A proposed comprehensive approach combining laboratory, imaging, and computing advances

Development of a Suite of Gadolinium-Free OATP1-Targeted Paramagnetic Probes for Liver MRI

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