The Future of Leadership

A within-country study of leadership perceptions and outcomes across native and immigrant employees: Questioning the universality of transformational leadership

“…Based on a review of the leadership literature more than 40 years ago, Stogdill (1974) concluded that there are almost as many definitions of leadership as there are persons, who have attempted to define the concept. Leadership has for instance been defined in terms of both traits, behaviours, and role relationships (Day & Antonakis, 2013). Most definitions, however, reflect the assumption that leadership involves a process whereby one person exerts intentional influence over others with the purpose of guiding, structuring, and facilitating activities and relationships in organizations (Yukl, 2002).…”

“…Transformational leadership remains interesting to study for several reasons: First, it belongs to one of the most dominant leadership paradigms, often referred to as The New Leadership School (Day & Antonakis, 2012, 2013; Dinh et al, 2014). Second, research has consistently found transformational leadership to be positively associated with employee performance (Lowe et al, 1996; Bass, 1999; Judge & Piccolo, 2004; Avolio et al, 2009).…”

Leadership and Environmental Sustainability: An Integrative Conceptual Model of Multilevel Antecedents and Consequences of Leader Green Behavior

“…Fourth, given concerns about conflation of behavior with its assumed antecedents and consequences in the leadership literature (Day & Antonakis, 2013; Fischer & Sitkin, 2023), studies should be careful to consider the influence of leader green behavior on outcomes incremental to established leadership constructs (e.g., leader-member exchange, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration). Stronger theorizing regarding the influence of leader green behavior would be facilitated by establishing its unique role for the prediction of work outcomes above-and-beyond such other forms of leader behavior and by establishing the nomological network of leader green behavior as it relates to other related leadership constructs.…”

“…We expand theory and research by applying a well-established taxonomy of six distinct forms of employee green behavior to the leadership context (Ones & Dilchert, 2012;Zacher et al, 2023). This addresses calls in the leadership literature to focus on specific leader behaviors instead of broad and positively-valenced "adjective leadership" styles that conflate leader behaviors with their assumed antecedents or consequences (Day & Antonakis, 2013;Fischer & Sitkin, 2023). We further advance the literature by positioning leader green behavior as a critical link between antecedents and consequences at the leader, follower, and organization levels.…”

“…Although this research has greatly contributed to our understanding of how, why, and when different leadership constructs may be related to employee green behavior, this literature is limited in two ways that create a need for conceptual redevelopment and integration. First, most studies have focused on rather broad and positively-valenced “adjective leadership” styles (Day & Antonakis, 2013, p. 225), such as environmentally-specific transformational leadership. Leadership styles refer to patterns of behaviors that are assumed to result in certain desirable or undesirable consequences and, thus, have been criticized for conflating the content of leader behaviors with their potential antecedents or consequences (Fischer & Sitkin, 2023).…”