The Future of Freshwater in Shatt Al- Arab River (Southern Iraq)

Al-Asadi, Safaa A. R.

doi:10.5539/jgg.v9n2p24

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The results showed that the samples were within the permissible limits according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO), Canadian standards and Iraqi standards, which were 0.2, 0.007, 0.01 ppm, respectively whether for drinking, aquaculture or irrigation purposes. These results of this study were agreed with [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Lead Pbsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Heavy Metals in the Tigris River Waters Behind Al-Kut Dam 2022-2023

Tuama,

Rahman

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The experiment was applied for the waters of the Tigris River, at the back of the Al-Kut Dam for the studied sections. The study period was 10 months, which six sections of the Tigris River at the back of the Al-Kut Dam were selected. The distance between one section and another was 1000 meters. Divide the cross-section of the river into six sections, the distance between one section and another was 1000 m. the level of concentration of some heavy elements (cadmium, Pb, lead (Cd), and chromium (Cr) was studied. The results showed that the analysis of the lead metals in the Tigris River behind Al-Kut Dam in the months of the study period was the highest value in the third section S3, which was 6.11 ug/L (0.0061 mg/L). It was measured in water samples on April, 2023. The lowest value was 2.62 ug/L (0.0026 mg/L) in the first section S1. The water samples were measured on January, 2023. The percentage of cadmium in the study sections ranged from the lowest value to 3.53 ug/L (0.00353 mg/L) for the fourth segment S4 in September, 2023. The highest value was 6.50 ug/L (0.0065 mg/L) for the fifth segment S5, April, 2023. The results of the chromium analysis showed between 1.58 ug/L (0.00158 mg/L) for the sixth section S6, which water samples were obtained on February, 2023. The fourth section samples were obtained on August gave the highest value 5.97 ug/L (0.0059 mg/L). All the results of heavy elements showed that the water samples of the studied sections of the Tigris River at the back of the AlKut Dam were within the permissible limits.

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Section: Lead Pbsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Heavy Metals in the Tigris River Waters Behind Al-Kut Dam 2022-2023

Tuama,

Rahman

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…In 2010, the flow of the Shatt Al-Arab River was completely dependent on the flow from the Tigris River only with a mean annual flow of 1.8 × 10 9 m 3 (58 m 3 /s), with a monthly variation limited from 42 to 90 m 3 /s. during October and May respectively (Al-Asadi, 2017 ; Al-Asadi & Abdulzahra, 2019 ). The water flow in the Shatt Al-Arab River is very complex because it is affected by the tidal phenomenon of the Arabian Gulf where the river experiences a tidal cycle of approximately 13 h (Abdullah, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and future challenges to the sustainable management of the Iraqi marshlands

Nama,

Alwan,

Pham

2023

Environ Monit Assess

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The application of restoration plans for the Iraqi marshlands is encountering significant challenges due to water scarcity and the impacts of climate change. This paper assesses the impact of water scarcity on the possibility of continuing the application of restoration and sustainable management plans for the main marshlands in Iraq. This assessment was conducted based on the available data and expected situation of available water resources under climate change conditions until the year 2035. Additionally, a satellite image–based index model was prepared and applied for the period 2009–2020 to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution of the restored marshlands. The results show that the shortage in water resources and insufficient inundation rates prevented the adequate application of the restoration plans. Also, applying the scenarios of distributing the deficit equally over all water demand sectors (S1) and according to the percentage of demand for each sector (S2) shows that the expected deficit in available water for the three marshes by the years 2025 and 2035 will be approximately 25% and 32% for S1 and 9% for S2. Consequently, the considered marshes are expected to lose approximately 20 to 33% of their eligible restoration areas. Accordingly, looking for suitable alternatives to support the water resources of these marshes became a very urgent matter and/or recourse to reduce the areas targeted by inundation and being satisfied with the areas that can be sustainable and maintain the current status of the rest of the regions as an emerging ecosystem characterized by lands that are inundated every few years. Accordingly, steps must be urged to develop plans and programs to maintain the sustainability of these emerging ecosystems within the frameworks of climate change and the conditions of scarcity of water resources and water and air pollution to ensure that they are not lost in the future.

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Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Shatt al-Arab river, around 200 km long, is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in al-Qurnah City in southern Iraq [22]. Currently, the river depends mainly on freshwater flow from the Tigris river [23,24]. The water flow in the Shatt Al-Arab river is affected by the tidal phenomenon of the Arabian Gulf, which has a semidiurnal pattern [25,26].…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuating Asymmetry in Asteriscii Otoliths of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Collected from Three Localities in Iraqi Rivers Linked to Environmental Factors

Jawad

Mahé

2022

Fishes

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Otoliths, calcified structures in the inner ears, are used to estimate fish age, and their shape is an efficient fish stock identification tool. Otoliths are thus very important for the management and assessment of commercial stocks. However, most studies have used left or right otoliths, chosen arbitrarily without evaluation of the difference between these otoliths. In this study, the asteriscii otoliths from 263 common carp (Cyprinus carpio; Linnaeus, 1758) were sampled in three Iraqi rivers to test the potential asymmetry and the geographical effect on otolith growth from three measurements (length, width and weight), and on shape from two shape indices (ellipticity and form-factor). Among all asteriscii otolith features, there was significant fluctuating asymmetry between fish length and every otolith descriptor. At one fish length, the size and/or the shape of otoliths could be different between two individuals and/or between left and right asteriscii otoliths for the same individual. Moreover, the relationship between fish length and otolith shape/growth was significantly dependent on the studied geographical area and, more especially, the environmental effects as the water temperature and pH. Finally, the relationships between fish length and otolith shape indices showed that the otolith evolves into the elliptical shape during the life of the fish. To use the otolith shape, it is essential to take into account the developmental stage of individuals to integrate the ontogenetic effect. Our results highlight the importance of verifying potential otolith asymmetry, especially for the asteriscii otoliths (lagenar otoliths) before their use in fisheries research.

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The Future of Freshwater in Shatt Al- Arab River (Southern Iraq)

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Heavy Metals in the Tigris River Waters Behind Al-Kut Dam 2022-2023

Effect of Heavy Metals in the Tigris River Waters Behind Al-Kut Dam 2022-2023

Climate change and future challenges to the sustainable management of the Iraqi marshlands

Fluctuating Asymmetry in Asteriscii Otoliths of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Collected from Three Localities in Iraqi Rivers Linked to Environmental Factors

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