“…Novel approaches for the treatment of ED are currently being investigated, including stem cell therapy, molecules targeting alternative vasoactive pathways, trophic factors, gene therapy, and new technologies such as penile vibratory stimulation, external penile support devices, internal pudendal artery stenting, extracorporeal low-intensity shockwave therapy, endovascular revascularization, and tissue engineering. However, PDE5 remains the most understood molecular target in the effective pharmacological management of ED 1, 2, 47. Accordingly, innovative dosage formulations of PDE5-Is are being developed that are designed to optimize efficacy, safety and patient acceptability, convenience, and compliance.…”