The future of artificial intelligence in neurosurgery: A narrative review

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms are on the tremendous rise for being incorporated into the field of neurosurgery. AI and ML algorithms are different from other technological advances as giving the capability for the computer to learn, reason, and problem-solving skills that a human inherits. This review summarizes the current use of AI in neurosurgery, the challenges that need to be addressed, and what the future holds. Methods: A literature review was carried out with a focus on the use of AI in the field of neurosurgery and its future implication in neurosurgical research. Results: The online literature on the use of AI in the field of neurosurgery shows the diversity of topics in terms of its current and future implications. The main areas that are being studied are diagnostic, outcomes, and treatment models. Conclusion: Wonders of AI in the field of medicine and neurosurgery hold true, yet there are a lot of challenges that need to be addressed before its implications can be seen in the field of neurosurgery from patient privacy, to access to high-quality data and overreliance on surgeons on AI. The future of AI in neurosurgery is pointed toward a patient-centric approach, managing clinical tasks, and helping in diagnosing and preoperative assessment of the patients.

Recent Outcomes and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in Neurosurgery

“…Hand tremors perioperatively have been observed to increase the risk of complications both during and postoperatively, as well as collateral damage. 59 Many AI models have been incorporated into surgical education under the pretence of virtual reality (VR) and 3D simulators to provide sufficient, skill-oriented training for resident and mid-career surgeons to increase their confidence and reduce hand tremors perioperatively ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Advancements and Challenges in Neurosurgical Practice in India: Where Do We Stand?

“…The patient-centric approach to the use of artificial intelligence for the automation of these tasks is proving helpful. However, the challenges include patient privacy, managing the data, and overreliance on artificial intelligence [ 3 ].…”