The future is precision medicine-guided diagnoses, preventions and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases

Rossi, Sharyn L.; Subramanian, Preeti; Bovenkamp, Diane E.

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1128619

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…An integrative analysis, such as independent biological integration or unsupervised machine learning, will enable the reconstruction of biological systems, with a holistic understanding of gene and protein regulation at different omic levels for translational applications [ 180 , 181 ]. Multi-omics data integration would provide a more sophisticated and accurate analysis for early disease detection (e.g., lysosomal dysfunction [ 182 , 183 ]), as well as increase precision phenotyping and personalized medicine [ 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 ]. It is also important to take into account pharmacogenomics to understand that individuals will respond differently to different medicines based on many biological and environmental factors.…”

Section: Summary and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Mining of Microarray Datasets in Translational Neuroscience

O’Connor,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Data mining involves the computational analysis of a plethora of publicly available datasets to generate new hypotheses that can be further validated by experiments for the improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the number of sequencing datasets is on the rise, microarray analysis conducted on diverse biological samples represent a large collection of datasets with multiple web-based programs that enable efficient and convenient data analysis. In this review, we first discuss the selection of biological samples associated with neurological disorders, and the possibility of a combination of datasets, from various types of samples, to conduct an integrated analysis in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the alterations in the examined biological system. We then summarize key approaches and studies that have made use of the data mining of microarray datasets to obtain insights into translational neuroscience applications, including biomarker discovery, therapeutic development, and the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. We further discuss the gap to be bridged between microarray and sequencing studies to improve the utilization and combination of different types of datasets, together with experimental validation, for more comprehensive analyses. We conclude by providing future perspectives on integrating multi-omics, to advance precision phenotyping and personalized medicine for neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Summary and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Mining of Microarray Datasets in Translational Neuroscience

O’Connor,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Time-Domain Diffuse Optical Tomography for Precision Neuroscience

Chekin,

Decker,

Dehghani

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Recent years have witnessed a rise in research utilizing neuroimaging for precision neuromedicine, but clinical translation has been hindered by scalability and cost. Time Domain functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS), the gold standard of optical neuroimaging techniques, offers a unique opportunity in this domain since it provides superior depth sensitivity and enables resolution of absolute properties unlike its continuous wave counterparts. However, current TD systems have limited commercial availability, slow sampling rates, and sparse head coverage. Our team has overcome the technical challenges involved in developing a whole-head time-domain diffuse optical tomography (TD-DOT) system. Here, we present the system characterization results using standardized protocols and compare them to the state-of-the-art. Furthermore, we showcase the system performance in retrieving cortical activation maps during standard hemodynamic, sensory, and motor tasks. A combination of the system performance, signal quality, and ease-of-use can enable future studies aimed at investigating TD-DOT clinical applications.

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Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Is Associated with Short-Term Memory Decline and Dementia in Individuals of African Ancestry

Sapir,

Augello,

Lee

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Over the last decade, studies have suggested that primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) may be associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, as both pathologies are age-related neurodegenerative processes. It remains unclear to what extent neurodegeneration in POAG extends to other neurological functions beyond vision, such as cognition. This follow-up study examined the potential association between POAG and cognitive decline in an African ancestry population. Methods: The Telephone-Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA) was administered to POAG cases and controls previously enrolled in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. Cases were assessed for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and for the presence of dementia via chart review. Comparisons between POAG cases and controls were performed using two-sample t-tests for the T-MoCA total score and five subsection scores, and using chi-squared tests for incidence of dementia. Current scores were compared to scores from this same cohort from 7 years prior. Results: The T-MoCA was administered to 13 cases and 20 controls. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) T-MoCA total score was 15.5 ± 4.0 in cases and 16.7 ± 3.5 in controls (p = 0.36). However, there was a borderline significant difference in the delayed recall sub-score (2.3 ± 1.6 for cases vs. 3.4 ± 1.5 for controls, p = 0.052) and a significant difference in its sub-domain, the memory index score (MIS, 9.1 ± 4.3 for cases vs. 12.1 ± 3.0 for controls, p = 0.02). There were no significant differences between cases and controls for the remaining subsections. During 7 years of follow-up, a higher incidence of dementia was noted in POAG cases (7.1% for cases vs. 0% for controls, p = 0.058). Over 7 years, there was no significant deterioration in the cognitive performance of cases versus controls, and no association was seen between RNFL thinning and cognitive impairment. Conclusions: In this small-sample follow-up study of African ancestry individuals, POAG cases demonstrated worse short-term memory and higher incidence of dementia compared to controls. Future larger studies are needed to further investigate the presence and impact of neurodegeneration in POAG.

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The future is precision medicine-guided diagnoses, preventions and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Data Mining of Microarray Datasets in Translational Neuroscience

Data Mining of Microarray Datasets in Translational Neuroscience

Time-Domain Diffuse Optical Tomography for Precision Neuroscience

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Is Associated with Short-Term Memory Decline and Dementia in Individuals of African Ancestry

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