Loss of biological diversity continues at alarming rates, despite valiant UN efforts aided by the international community. The 2010 Target for biodiversity has been missed. The Aichi Targets, adopted in 2010, may also not be met by their timeline of 2020. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its partners are now preparing a post-2020 global framework for biodiversity, to be adopted in October 2020, at its 15th Conference of the Parties. The initiative presented here is meant to provoke further thought on how to accelerate efforts toward stopping biodiversity loss. Ten proposals are briefly introduced and discussed, with emphasis on three priority fast track initiatives: (1) the creation of as extensive as possible a worldwide protected area network; (2) a complete halt to deforestation and the restoration of forest ecosystems; and (3) a massive reduction in or (ideally) a halt to further environmental pollution. Following a discussion of approaches at national, regional and global levels, the proposals are related to a generic scenario comprising the biodiversity-related institutional landscape and its governance systems and trends in biodiversity and its global distribution resulting from the interplay between human impacts, conservation efforts and uncertainties about the future course of evolution.
Policy Implications• Biodiversity is life, our life. This leitmotif of the International Year of Biodiversity (2010) set the stage for improving policy a decade ago, but with only limited success as indicated in the expected failure to reach targets set for 2020.• Biodiversity policy makers need to take into account all dimensions of biodiversity, genetic to cultural-spiritual, and address them simultaneously at all geographical scalesfrom subnational to global. Biodiversity literacy is of the essence and should be supported with relevant programs in education, research, awareness and institutional capacity building in all nations. Biodiversity policy must be all-embracing, transdisciplinary and anticipative.• To meet the new challenges our leaders must engage with an informed public with knowledge of the critical issues, develop workable strategies to address biodiversity and climate change issues and work with central government to ensure that strategies are funded, implemented and actions and outcomes made public.