The fungal community of wheat phyllosphere was affected by the co-occurrence of stripe rust and powdery mildew

Abstract

Both wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew are important diseases in the world, which mainly infect the leaves and cause serious yield loss. In this study, the leaf samples of two varieties were collected from different pathogenic processes of stripe rust and powdery mildew that co-occurred in plants, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) amplicon sequencing was introduced to analyse the structure and diversity of phyllosphere fungal communities. The results showed that the alpha diversity indices of the fungal communities were decreased with the pathogenic process, and the beta diversity among the different pathogenic process were significantly different as well. In addition, an Adonis analysis showed the pathogenic processes affected the structure of the fungal community, which could explain 45.6% of the variance in the community structure, on the contrary, the variety has no effect both on the community diversity and the structure. With the development of the pathogenic process, the abundance of both pathogens (Puccinia striiformis and Blumeria graminis) increased significantly, as well as for the relative abundance of some fungi (i.e., Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., etc.). The relative abundance of other genera (e.g., Aureobasidium, Epicoccum, etc.) increased at the early pathogenic stage, then decreased at the late pathogenic stage. Comprehensively, these fungi may have the potential to compete with pathogens for nutrients, which may be the target for the development of biological control agents.

Differentially enriched fungal communities in root rot resistant and susceptible varieties of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) under continuous monoculture cropping

“…Ascomycota is the largest and most diverse true fungal group found in rhizosphere soils ( Arafat et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2019 ). The majority of Ascomycota are saprophytic, as they decompose OM and induce plant diseases ranging from powdery mildews to rots, malignancies, and vascular wilts ( Dong et al, 2022 ). Previous studies reported that the decrease in Ascomycota abundance was associated with a decreased incidence of Fusarium wilt ( Yao and Wu, 2010 ; Shen et al, 2015 ).…”

Metabolite-Mediated Responses of Phyllosphere Microbiota to Rust Infection in Two Malus Species

“…In wheat, the bacterial community richness of susceptible cultivars showed a significant reduction in Zymoseptoria tritici -infected leaves compared to that in healthy leaves ( 34 ). In addition, reduced diversity or increased abundance of some potentially beneficial microorganisms has also been reported in the leaves of apples ( 35 ), Arabidopsis ( 30 ), tobacco ( 36 , 37 ), and wheat ( 38 ) upon pathogen infection. However, the potential roles of leaf metabolites in assembling phyllospheric microbial communities remain largely unexplored.…”

Crude Extracts and Secondary Metabolites of Epichloë bromicola against Phytophthora infestans

“…[10,11] To establish a more sustainable agricultural system, biopesticides are the ideal alternative to chemical fungicides for the control of plant disease, and the secondary metabolites produced by plants and microorganisms are important sources for developing fungicides due to intriguing bioactivities, low residual toxicity to mammals, and easily biodegradable in soil. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for new biopesticides to effectively control potato late blight, which will curb losses of yield in potato production.…”