The fungal community associated with the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus invading the mediterranean maquis in central Italy reveals high biodiversity and suggests environmental acquisitions

Morales‐Rodríguez, Carmen; Sferrazza, Ivano; Aleandri, Maria Pia; Valle, Matteo Dalla; Speranza, Stefano; Contarini, Mario; Vannini, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.008

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As ambrosia beetle, it is associated with the primary symbiont Ambrosiella xylebori (Bateman et al 2016 ; Vannini et al 2017 ; Gugliuzzo et al 2020 ) and with non-mycangial fungi such as Fusarium solani (Bosso et al 2012 ), canker and dieback pathogens of woody hosts (Gugliuzzo et al 2020 ) and several other fungal species (Morales-Rodriguez et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaqMan probe assays on different biological samples for the identification of three ambrosia beetle species, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichoff), X. crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

Rizzo¹,

Lio

Bartolini³

et al. 2021

3 Biotech

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Molecular assays based on qPCR TaqMan Probes were developed to identify three species of the genus Xylosandrus, X. compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae). These ambrosia beetles are xylophagous species alien to Europe, causing damages to many ornamental and fruiting trees as well as shrubs. DNA extraction was carried out from adults, larvae and biological samples derived from insect damages on infested plants. For X. compactus, segments of galleries in thin infested twigs were cut and processed; in the case of X. crassiusculus, raw frass extruded from exit holes was used, while DNA of X. germanus was extracted from small wood chips removed around insect exit holes. The assays were inclusive for the target species and exclusive for all the non-target species tested. The LoD was 3.2 pg/µL for the frass of X. crassiusculus and 0.016 ng/µL for the woody matrices of the other two species. Both repeatability and reproducibility were estimated on adults and woody samples, showing very low values ranging between 0.00 and 4.11. Thus, the proposed diagnostic assays resulted to be very efficient also on the woody matrices used for DNA extraction, demonstrating the applicability of the protocol in the absence of dead specimens or living stages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TaqMan probe assays on different biological samples for the identification of three ambrosia beetle species, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichoff), X. crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

Rizzo¹,

Lio

Bartolini³

et al. 2021

3 Biotech

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“…Depending on the insect order, the composition of associated-yeast communities was not equally analyzed for all developmental stages ( Table S1 ). While only larvae were studied for Lepidoptera [ 50 , 65 ], the adult stage was preferentially analyzed for many other insect orders [ 41 , 51 , 55 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. However, for some species belonging to several insect groups, such as mosquitoes [ 53 ], bark or sap beetles [ 6 , 69 ], and planthoppers [ 64 ], all life stages were analyzed and the presence of yeast species was detected at all developmental stages ( Table S1 ).…”

Section: Diversity Of Yeast Communities Associated With Insects and Variation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for some species belonging to several insect groups, such as mosquitoes [ 53 ], bark or sap beetles [ 6 , 69 ], and planthoppers [ 64 ], all life stages were analyzed and the presence of yeast species was detected at all developmental stages ( Table S1 ). These insect-yeast communities are mainly acquired from the environment [ 68 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]. For example, mosquito larvae acquire yeast communities mainly from the water of breeding sites, while adults obtain it from water at emergence as well as from sugar (plants or flower nectars) and/or blood meals for females during their entire life span [ 74 ].…”

Section: Diversity Of Yeast Communities Associated With Insects and Variation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As previously mentioned, insects acquire a large part of their yeast communities from their nutrient sources (flowers, fruits, sap, etc.) and/or breeding sites [ 47 , 53 , 58 , 68 , 71 , 92 ]. The environment is therefore one of the main factors shaping yeast communities associated with insects.…”

Section: Diversity Of Yeast Communities Associated With Insects and Variation Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects

et al. 2021

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Following the concept of the holobiont, insect-microbiota interactions play an important role in insect biology. Many examples of host-associated microorganisms have been reported to drastically influence insect biological processes such as development, physiology, nutrition, survival, immunity, or even vector competence. While a huge number of studies on insect-associated microbiota have focused on bacteria, other microbial partners including fungi have been comparatively neglected. Yeasts, which establish mostly commensal or symbiotic relationships with their host, can dominate the mycobiota of certain insects. This review presents key advances and progress in the research field highlighting the diversity of yeast communities associated with insects, as well as their impact on insect life-history traits, immunity, and behavior.

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“…A few fungal species isolated from galleries infested by these three Xylosandrus spp. are plant pathogens, such as species of the genus Ophiostoma, Fusarium, Phomopsis and Raffaelea (Kinuura 1995;Dute et al 2002;Ploetz et al 2013;Carrillo et al 2014;Bateman et al 2016;Egonyu et al 2017;Gugliuzzo et al 2020;Morales-Rodríguez et al 2020). The extent to which they contribute to tree damage or death remains untested.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

et al. 2021

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We provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.

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The fungal community associated with the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus invading the mediterranean maquis in central Italy reveals high biodiversity and suggests environmental acquisitions

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

TaqMan probe assays on different biological samples for the identification of three ambrosia beetle species, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichoff), X. crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

TaqMan probe assays on different biological samples for the identification of three ambrosia beetle species, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichoff), X. crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and X. germanus (Blandford) (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects

Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

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